As a software engineer, you’re expected to know a lot about algorithms. After all, they are the bread and butter of your trade. But with so many different algorithms out there, how can you possibly keep track of them all?
Never fear! We’ve compiled a list of the top 10 algorithms every software engineer should know by heart. From sorting and searching to graph theory and dynamic programming, these are the algorithms that will make you a master of your craft. So without further ado, let’s get started!
This graph has six nodes (A-F) and eight arcs. It can be represented by the following Python data structure:
graph = {'A': ['B', 'C'], 'B': ['C', 'D'], 'C': ['D'], 'D': ['C'], 'E': ['F'], 'F': ['C']} def find_all_paths(graph, start, end, path=[]): path = path + [start] if start == end: return [path] if not graph.has_key(start): return [] paths = [] for node in graph[start]: if node not in path: newpaths = find_all_paths(graph, node, end, path) for newpath in newpaths: paths.append(newpath) return paths A sample run: >>> find_all_paths(graph, 'A', 'D') [['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], ['A', 'B', 'D'], ['A', 'C', 'D']] >>>
# Code by Eryk Kopczyński def find_shortest_path(graph, start, end): dist = {start: [start]} q = deque(start) while len(q): at = q.popleft() for next in graph[at]: if next not in dist: dist[next] = [dist[at], next] q.append(next) return dist.get(end)
def isPrime(n):
# Corner case
if n <= 1:
return False
# Check from 2 to n-1
for i in range(2, n):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True
print(“true”) if isPrime(11) else print(“false”)
print(“true”) if isPrime(14) else print(“false”)
This code is contributed by Smitha Dinesh Semwal
from itertools import permutations
Get all permutations of [1, 2, 3]
perm = permutations([1, 2, 3])
Print the obtained permutations
for i in list(perm):
print (i)
Output:
(1, 2, 3) (1, 3, 2) (2, 1, 3) (2, 3, 1) (3, 1, 2) (3, 2, 1)
It generates n! permutations if the length of the input sequence is n.
If want to get permutations of length L then implement it in this way.
According to Konstantinos Ameranis, here are also some of the top 10 algorithms every software engineer should know by heart:
I wouldn’t say so much specific algorithms, as groups of algorithms.
These algorithms are the bread and butter of your trade and will serve you well in your career. Below, we will countdown another top 10 algorithms every software engineer should know by heart.
These are the top 10 algorithms every software engineer should know by heart! Learning these algorithms will help you become a better software engineer and will give you a solid foundation on which to build your career!
Because the inception of 2010, Instagram has proved its price. The platform that was earlier generally known as a photo-sharing hub has step by step developed itself into aneCommerce platform with Instagram Procuring. Right now most companies use Instagram as a marketing tool to extend their attain throughout the platform. Within the earlier days of Instagram, hashtags grew to become a pattern for straightforward grouping and looking. In a while, a function of product tagging was launched. It made it simpler for folks to seek for the merchandise. In 2016, Instagram algorithms made a serious change. It launched Instagram tales, reside movies, and new enterprise instruments to show their merchandise and gain more followers to their profile.
Read More; How Instagram Algorithm Works In 2022: A Social Media Marketer’s Guide
Instagram uses “Read Path Models” to rank content. It’s an algorithm used by Developers to find the best outcome in a project or a basic filtering algorithm.
Here’s How the algorithm works to rank your content on explore page and home!
First your content is published after Instagram algorithm confirms its Community Guidelines.
After that, Algorithm classifies your content based on your Post Design and Captions.
Using Photo-recognition Instagram Scans your content finds similarities between your new piece of content and your audience’s previous interactions with your old content.
The same process occurs with your post captions. Your post instantly starts reaching your most followers and as engagement rises it gets on explore page.
In words of Instagram employee, This “Write Path Classifiers” algorithm didn’t tracked most important metrics to keep the explore page. That’s why they started building a new version of the algorithm that you can read below!
The new algorithm uses 3 Crucial ways to source content for Your Instagram Explore feed!
Instagram algorithm calculates real-time engagement and upload time signals to consider your post for Explore page.
In simple words, Instagram measures how much engagement creators at your level get and how much engagement your recent posts and how’s the engagement growing since the upload time.
Tip: Look at your insights and see what time your followers are highly active and post 40-70 minutes before the peak time.
This step constitutes search queries from Instagram users related to your post.
Instagram finds targeted users to show your post to them based on their search queries. Your post will show up on top of their explore page.
A Post on “Start Your Entrepreneurship Journey” will be shown to people searching for entrepreneurship to a small query about passive income.
From those queries Instagram source content for explore page.
How long you rank on Instagram page and to what audience depends on the engagement you get when you start ranking on explore page.
After the sourcing step is passed that means your content is eligible to rank on explore page.
And during this step, tracking engagement metrics and their growth algorithm keeps your Post on Explore Page.
Instagram announced Sensitivity control last year which impacted Instagram explore algorithm again!
What’s changed?
Instagram launched two new filters one High precision and low precision filters to maintain better content on Instagram for Different audiences.
Explore page changes every second with every refresh. So, do your content’s target audience.
With these two filters, Instagram tries to track engagement from different-different users and changes pieces of content.
In simple words, Instagram doesn’t want to show people bad content. That’s why these filters work to run explore page content through database to find if it’s suitable to run for another minute, hour or day on Instagram.
You get Hashtags reach because Instagram’s old algorithm “Write Path Classifier” is applicable to every single format of content.
Means your content ranks on hashtags based on relevancy with your Post Image and Caption.
If it’s relevant and getting enough engagement to rank on Hashtags size. You will rank on hashtags. It’s not hard to crack hashtags algorithm. The advice is don’t focus on hashtags that much, and keep your eyes on creating content for explore page.
“Instagram story views increase and decrease based on “navigation” and “interaction”.
What’s navigation?
In Instagram story insights, you will see a metric called “navigation” and below that you will see
Back- means the follower swiped back to see your last story or someone else’s story they saw before! Forward- means the follower clicked to see your next story Next story- the follower moved to see someone else’s story Exited- means the follower left the stories.
Founded: If your story have more forward and next stories. Then Instagram will push your stories to more followers as they want users to watch more stories and stay in stories tab.
Why?: After 2-3 stories they hit users with an ad!
Interactions: Polls/ Question stickers/ Quiz
When viewers interact with these story features. Instagram sees that followers are interacting more than before and that’s why they start pushing it more
How interactions like “profile visits” effect story views?
Yes, if your followers are visiting your profile through stories. Then that particular story (if its the first one) will receive more views than average as my story with 44 profile visits received the most views. So, you should do something worth a profile visit!
I didn’t get much out of the conversation about Instagram reels from employees at IG.
But the only tip was to maintain the highest quality of video while uploading because while content distribution through Instagram processors your video might lose some quality.
Free copy/print of all the ACLS algorithms
Algorithms for Advanced Cardiac Life Support
algo-arrest
Your first few hours on tiktok are crucial to your growth.
You gonna spend few hours on fyp, interacting with videos and creators about your niche. -After few hours, you can start to make your first video
The very first video plays a huge role in your future. -Quality content -Unique but similar to your niche
9-15 seconds maximum!!
After upload, wait about a few hours, before your second video
2nd video needs to have a hook
“You won,t believe this”
“ Nobody is talking about this, but”
“Did you know that..?”
“ X tips on how to ..”
Your hook needs to be on your first few seconds of the video
Your videos needs to be captivating or strange, this way users spends more time on it.
Your next 3 videos should be similar
Tiktok usually boosts your first videos, that’s their hook
Now you need to hook tiktok onto your account to keep boosting it.
You will lose views and engagement
Its normal, you are not shadow banned. you just have to do it on your own now.
Now its time to get more followers
Do duets/stiches/parts
this way you hook your new followers and cycle up your old videos
now you need to have schedule
3-4 posts /day works the best.
wait 3-4h before your next post
Followers >Views
If you have 10k followers then you need at least 10k views /post to keep growing fast -Don’t follow people who follow you.
https://developers.google.com/search/updates/ranking
This page lists the latest ranking updates made to Google Search that are relevant to website owners. To learn more about how Google makes improvements to Search and why we share updates, check out our blog post on How Google updates Search. You can also find more updates about Google Search on our blog.
https://blog.google/products/search/how-we-update-search-improve-results/
https://www.seroundtable.com/category/google-updates
Twitter, which was founded in 2006, is still one of the world’s most popular social networking sites. As of 2020, there are over 340 million active Twitter users, with over 500 million tweets posted each day.
That’s a lot of information to sort through. And, if your company is going to utilize Twitter effectively, you must first grasp how Twitter’s timeline algorithm works and then learn the most dependable techniques of getting your information in front of your target audience.
Twitter Timeline Options: Top Tweets and Most Recent Tweets(Latest)
The Twitter Timeline may be configured to show tweets in two ways:
• Top Tweet
• Recent Tweets
These modes mays be switched by clicking the Stars icon in the upper right corner of your timeline feed.
The Most Popular Tweets
Top Tweets use an algorithm to display tweets in the order that a user is most likely to be interested in. The algorithm is based on how popular and relevant tweets are. Because of the large number of tweets sent at any given time, Twitter news feed algorithms like this one were developed to protect users from becoming overwhelmed and to keep them up to date on material that they genuinely care about.
Recent Tweets
The Latest Tweets section reorders your timeline in reverse chronological order, with the most recently Tweeted Tweets at the top. It displays tweets as they are sent in real time, so more information from more people will appear, but it will not display every tweet. The algorithm will still have some say in deciding which tweets to broadcast at the time.
Ranking Signals for the Twitter Timeline Algorithm:
The following are ranking indications for the Twitter timeline algorithm:
• How recent it is
• Use of rich media (pictures, gifs, video)
• Engagement (likes, responses, retweets)
• Author prominence
• User-author relationship
• User behavior
For example, a user is more likely to see a tweet in their timeline if it comes from a person with whom they frequently interact and has a large number of likes and responses.
What exactly are Twitter Topics?
Facebook can tend to feel like an uphill battle for businesses. The social media platform’s algorithm isn’t very clear about how your posts end up on users’ screens. When even the sponsored posts you’re investing in aren’t working, you know there has to be something you’re missing.
Paid or unpaid, the way you post on Facebook and reach the platform’s ever-expanding audience matters. Every time a user logs on to the website or app, Facebook is learning about what that user likes seeing and what they skip past.
The social media giant has tried a lot of different algorithms over the years, ranging from focusing on the video to simply asking users what they want to see more of. Today, things look a little different, and knowing how the Facebook algorithm works can be a game-changer for businesses.
So here’s what you need to know about Facebook’s Algorithm in 2021:
Facebook is concerned with three things when its algorithm learns about user activity and begins curating their feed to these behaviors.
Following these three elements to a great post can mean huge things for your engagement and reach on Facebook. Ignoring them ends up in things like these terrible Facebook ads we wish we never saw.
First up, the accounts with which the user interacts matter. If someone is always checking up on certain friends and family members, then that’s going to mean their posts will show up sooner on their feed.
The same goes for organizations and businesses that users interact with the most. That means it’s your job to post content that encourages users to not only follow and like you but also provide users the type of content that drives engagement.
What sort of posts do best on Facebook?
Users all have their own preferences for what they like to see. At the end of the day, a mix of videos, links to blogs and web pages, and photos are good to keep things diverse and dynamic.
That said, the sort of posts that do best on your business account will depend on the final element of the Facebook algorithm that matters most: user interactions.
From sharing a post to simply giving it a like or reaction, interactions matter most when it comes to the Facebook algorithm. The social media platform wants users active and logging in as often as possible. That’s why their machine learning algorithm sees interactions as a huge plus for your account.
Comments matter too! In fact, comments serve a dual purpose for your business account on Facebook. Not only do comments drive interactions on your page, but they also give you direct feedback from the audience.
If you listen to comments and take your user’s feedback seriously, you can avoid posting content that ends up falling flat. That doesn’t just hurt your reach and engagement but it’s also a blunder on your digital brand.
Can you beat the Facebook Algorithm once and for all?
We don’t like putting negative energy into the universe, but the Facebook algorithm is sort of like a villain you need to take down to achieve your goals as a business. Understanding the Facebook algorithm can feel like a battle sometimes.
The search algorithm of Amazon is sophisticated and has a key goal. It aims to connect online shoppers with the products they are looking for as soon as possible. If you reach the top of the Search Pages, your brand visibility will improve, and sales will go up.
Not an essay but here’s a summary:
Based on a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) auction.
Total Value = Bid*(eCTR*eCVR)+Value (info)
This creates an oCPM environment (info)
The core of this according to the auction and engineering team has more or less been the same for years.
2018/2020 are different issues. The former affecting (mostly) those who don’t understand oCPM as FB prioritizes user experience and the latter causing issues for those still relying on attribution instead of lift (info).
Have a read through this mate http://coding-geek.com/how-shazam-works/
It identifies the songs by creating a audio fingerprint by using a spectrogram. When a song is being played ,shazam creates an audio fingerprint of that song (provided the noise is not high) ,and then checks if it matches with the millions of other audio fingerprints in its database, if it finds a match it sends the info. Here is a really good blog : https://www.toptal.com/algorithms/shazam-it-music-processing-fingerprinting-and-recognition
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I wrote an algorithm for Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering General agglomerative clustering methods have a time complexity of O(N³) and a memory complexity of O(N²) due to the need to calculate and recalculate full pairwise distance matrices. I'd like to calculate the complexity for it. The algorithm running on random data is empirically 60 times faster on 1000 points, 200 faster with 2000 points and 500 times faster with 3000 points. It is clearly not O(N³) I'd like to calculate or estimate the complexity of it. Could someone help me on this? You can test and get the source on this page: https://preview.redd.it/2bv8hmqj6ata1.png?width=1170&format=png&auto=webp&s=c213b338ae524f38fd3e0be9e38258d04b2b2bcc https://ganaye.com/ahc/?numberOfPoints=3000&wantedClusters=6&linkage=avg&canvasSize=500 submitted by /u/CompteDeMonteChristo [link] [comments]
Hello I have the following problem: I have a few million tuples of the form (id1, id2). If I have the tuple (id1, id2) and (id2, id3), then of course id1, id2 and id3 are all in the same group, despite that the tuple (id1, id3) is missing. I do want to create an algorithm where I get a list of (id, groupid) tuples as a result. How do I do that fast? I've already implemented an algorithm, but it is way too slow, and it works the following (simplified): 1) increment groupid 2) move first element of the tuplelist into the toprocess-set 3) move first element of the toprocess-set into the processed set with the current groupid 4) find all elements in the tuplelist that are connected to that element and move them to the toprocess-set 5) if the toprocess-set isn't empty go back to 3 6) if the tuplelist is not empty go back to 1 submitted by /u/239847293847 [link] [comments]
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