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Top 30 AWS Certified Developer Associate Exam Tips
AWS Certified Developer Associate Exam Prep Urls
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0
Understand some basic code samples such as JSON code, config files, and IAM policy documents: Amazon EC2, Amazon Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS), AWS KMS, Amazon CloudTrail, AWS Organizations, Amazon Simple Workflow Service (SWF), and Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), Load Balancing, DynamoDB, EBS, Multi-AZ RDS, Aurora, EFS, DynamoDB, NLB, ALB, Aurora, Auto Scalling, DynamoDB(latency), Aurora(performance), Multi-AZ RDS(high availability), Throughput Optimized EBS (highly sequential), Read the quizlet note cards here
AWS topics for DVA-C01
1
What to study: LAMBDA [10-15% of Exam]Invocation types, Using notifications and event source mappings, Concurrency and throttling, X-Ray and Amazon SQS DLQs, Versions and aliases, Blue/green deployment, Packaging and deployment, VPC connections (with Internet/NAT GW), Lambda as ELB target, Dependencies, Environment variables (inc. encrypting them)
AWS topics for DVA-C01
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2
What to study: DYNAMODB [10-12% of Exam]Scans vs queries (and the APIs, parameters you can use), Local and Global Secondary indexes, Calculating Read Capacity Units (RCUs) and Write, Capacity Units (WCUs), Performance / optimization best practices, Use cases (e.g. session state, key/value data store, scalability), DynamoDB Streams, Use in serverless app with Lambda and API Gateway, DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) use cases
AWS topics for DVA-C01: DynamoDB
3
What to study: API Gateway [8-10% of Exam] Lambda / IAM / Cognito authorizers, Invalidation of cache, Integration types: proxy vs custom / AWS vs HTTP, Caching, Import / export OpenAPI Swagger specifications, Stage variables, Performance metrics,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: API Gateway
4
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What to study: COGNITO [7-8% of Exam] User pools vs Identity pools, Unauthenticated identities, AWS Cognito Sync, Using MFA with Cognito, Web identity federation,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: COGNITO
5
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What to study: S3 [7-8% of Exam]Encryption – make sure you understand S3 encryption very well for the exam, S3 Transfer Acceleration, Versioning, Copying data, Lifecycle rules,
AWS topics for DVA-C01
6
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What to study: IAM IAM policies and roles, Cross account access, Multi-factor authentication (MFA), API calls, IAM Roles with EC2 (instance profiles), Access keys vs roles, IAM best practices, Federation,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: IAM
7
What to study: ECS Shared storage between containers, Single vs multi-docker environments, Uploading / downloading images with ECR, Placement strategies (e.g. spread, binpack, random etc.), Port mappings, Defining task definitions, IAM Roles for Tasks,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: ECS
8
What to study: ELASTIC BEANSTALK Deployment policies and blue/green, .ebextensions and config file usage, Updating deployments, Worker vs web tier, Deployment, packaging and files, code, commands used, Use cases,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: AMAZON ELASTIC BEANSTALK
9
What to study: CLOUDFORMATIONS CloudFormation template anatomy (e.g. mappings, outputs, parameters, etc.), Packaging and deployment including commands used, AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM),
AWS topics for DVA-C01
10
What to study: AMAZON CLOUDWATCH Monitoring application logs, Trigger scheduled Lambda invocation, Custom metrics, Metric resolution,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: AMAZON CLOUDWATCH
11
What to study: CODECOMMIT, CODEBUILD, CODEDEPLOY, CODEPIPELINE, CODESTAR Know how each tool fits into the CI/CD pipeline, Various files used such as appspec.yml, buildspec.yml etc., Process for packaging and deployment, Deployment types with CodeDeploy including different , destination services (e.g. Lambda, ECS, EC2), Manual approvals with CodePipeline,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: CODECOMMIT, CODEBUILD, CODEDEPLOY, CODEPIPELINE, CODESTAR
12
What to study: AMAZON CLOUDFRONT
AWS topics for DVA-C01: AMAZON CLOUDFRONT
13
What to study: X-RAYS X-Ray daemon, installing and configuring, Lambda with X-Ray, Use cases / benefits, Inclusion in Elastic Beanstalk environment, Annotations vs segments vs subsegments vs metadata, API calls, Port used (UDP 2000),
AWS topics for DVA-C01: X-RAYS
14
What to study: SQS Standard queues, FIFO, DLQ, delay queue, Decoupling applications use cases, Event source mapping to Lambda, Visibility timeout, Short polling vs long polling,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: SQS
15
What to study: ELASTICACHE Use cases (caching and session state), In-memory data store, Services it sits in front of (e.g. Amazon RDS), Comparison against DynamoDB DAX, Lazy loading vs Write Through Caching, Memcached vs Redis,
AWS topics for DVA-C01: ELASTICACHE
16
What to study: STEP FUNCTIONS Step Functions state machines, Using to coordinate multiple Lambda function invocations
AWS topics for DVA-C01: STEP FUNCTIONS
17
What to study: SSM PARAMETER STORE Storing credentials, Rotation (application needs to do it) – comparison with secrets manager (which handles rotation automatically),
SSM PARAMETER STORE
18
Know what instance types can be launched from which types of AMIs, and which instance types require an HVM AMI
AWS HVM AMI
19
Have a good understanding of how Route53 supports all of the different DNS record types, and when you would use certain ones over others.
Route 53 supports all of the different DNS record types
20
Know which services have native encryption at rest within the region, and which do not.
AWS Services with native Encryption at rest
21
Kinesis Sharding:
#AWS Kinesis Sharding
22
Handling SSL Certificates in ELB ( Wildcard certificate vs SNI )
#AWS Handling SSL Certificates in ELB ( Wildcard certificate vs SNI )
24
The Default Termination Policy for Auto Scaling Group (Oldest launch configuration vs Instance Protection)
#AWS Default Termination Policy for Auto Scaling Group
25
Use AWS Cheatsheets – I also found the cheatsheets provided by Tutorials Dojo very helpful. In my opinion, it is better than Jayendrapatil Patil’s blog since it contains more updated information that complements your review notes.
#AWS Cheat Sheet
26
Watch this exam readiness 3hr video, it very recent webinar this provides what is expected in the exam.
#AWS Exam Prep Video
27
Start off watching Ryan’s videos. Try and completely focus on the hands on. Take your time to understand what you are trying to learn and achieve in those LAB Sessions.
#AWS Exam Prep Video
28
Do not rush into completing the videos. Take your time and hone the basics. Focus and spend a lot of time for the back bone of AWS infrastructure – Compute/EC2 section, Storage (S3/EBS/EFS), Networking (Route 53/Load Balancers), RDS, VPC, Route 3. These sections are vast, with lot of concepts to go over and have loads to learn. Trust me you will need to thoroughly understand each one of them to ensure you pass the certification comfortably.
#AWS Exam Prep Video
29
Make sure you go through resources section and also AWS documentation for each components. Go over FAQs. If you have a question, please post it in the community. Trust me, each answer here helps you understand more about AWS.
#AWS Faqs
30
Like any other product/service, each AWS offering has a different flavor. I will take an example of EC2 (Spot/Reserved/Dedicated/On Demand etc.). Make sure you understand what they are, what are the pros/cons of each of these flavors. Applies for all other offerings too.
#AWS Services
What is the AWS Certified Developer Associate Exam?
The AWS Certified Developer – Associate examination is intended for individuals who perform a development role and have one or more years of hands-on experience developing and maintaining an AWS-based application. It validates an examinee’s ability to:
- Demonstrate an understanding of core AWS services, uses, and basic AWS architecture best practices
- Demonstrate proficiency in developing, deploying, and debugging cloud-based applications using AWS
There are two types of questions on the examination:
- Multiple-choice: Has one correct response and three incorrect responses (distractors).
- Provide implementation guidance based on best practices to the organization throughout the lifecycle of the project.
Select one or more responses that best complete the statement or answer the question. Distractors, or incorrect answers, are response options that an examinee with incomplete knowledge or skill would likely choose. However, they are generally plausible responses that fit in the content area defined by the test objective. Unanswered questions are scored as incorrect; there is no penalty for guessing.
To succeed with the real exam, do not memorize the answers below. It is very important that you understand why a question is right or wrong and the concepts behind it by carefully reading the reference documents in the answers.
AWS Certified Developer Associate info and details
The AWS Certified Developer Associate Exam is a multiple choice, multiple answer exam. Here is the Exam Overview:
- Certification Name: AWS Certified Developer Associate.
- Prerequisites for the Exam: None.
- Exam Pattern: Multiple Choice Questions
- Number of Questions: 65
- Duration: 130 mins
- Exam fees: US $150
- Exam Guide on AWS Website
- Available languages for tests: English, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese
- Read AWS whitepapers
- Register for certification account here.
- Prepare for Certification Here
Other AWS Facts and Summaries and Questions/Answers Dump
- AWS S3 facts and summaries and Q&A Dump
- AWS DynamoDB facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS EC2 facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS Serverless facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS Developer and Deployment Theory facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS IAM facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS vs Azure vs Google
- Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
- Cloud Customer Insurance – Cloud Provider Insurance – Cyber Insurance
Additional Information for reference
Below are some useful reference links that would help you to learn about AWS Practitioner Exam.
- AWS certified cloud practitioner/
- certification faqs
- AWS Certified Developer Associate Exam Prep Dumps
Other Relevant and Recommended AWS Certifications
AWS Certification Exams Roadmap[/caption]
- AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
- AWS Certified Solution Architect – Associate
- AWS Certified Developer – Associate
- AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate
- AWS Certified Developer – Professional
- AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional
- AWS Certified Big Data Specialty
- AWS Certified Advanced Networking.
- AWS Certified Security – Specialty
AWS Developer Associate Exam Whitepapers:
AWS has provided whitepapers to help you understand the technical concepts. Below are the recommended whitepapers.
Online Training and Labs for AWS Certified Developer Associate Exam
AWS Certified Developer Associate Jobs
Top 60 AWS Solution Architect Associate Exam Tips


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Top 60 AWS Solution Architect Associate Exam Tips
SAA Exam Prep App urls

Solution Architect FREE version:
Google Play Store (Android)
Apple Store (iOS)
Pwa: Web
Amazon android: Amazon App Store (Android)
Microsoft/Windows10:
0 In a nutshell, below are the resources and apps that you need for SAA-C03 Exam Prep:
- Study material by Adrian Cantrill ($40) or Joyjeet Banerjee ($50)
- PRO Quiz and Practice Exams by Djamgatech ($9.99) [iOS – Android]
- Quiz and Practice Exams by Djamgatech [Web – android – iOS – windows] (FREE or $5)
- Practice tests by Tutorial Dojo ($15)
- AWS labs and practices at AWS Qwiklabs ($25-50)
- Extra: $30 for Marek’s course on Udemy
- Extra: You can check out Practice exams by Ken Adams for solutions architect. (SAA-C02 – Updated June 2021)
Read FAQs and learn more about the following topics in details: Load Balancing, DynamoDB, EBS, Multi-AZ RDS, Aurora, EFS, DynamoDB, NLB, ALB, Aurora, Auto Scalling, DynamoDB(latency), Aurora(performance), Multi-AZ RDS(high availability), Throughput Optimized EBS (highly sequential), Read the quizlet note cards about Cloudwatch, CloudTrail, KMS, ElasticBeanstalk, OpsWorks here. Read Dexter’s Barely passed AWS Cram Notes about RPO vs RTO, HA vs FT, Undifferentiated Heavy Lifting, Access Management Basics, Shared Responsibility Model, Cloud Service Models
AWS topics for SAA-CO1 and SAA-CO2
1
Know what instance types can be launched from which types of AMIs, and which instance types require an HVM AMI
AWS HVM AMI
2
Understand bastion hosts, and which subnet one might live on. Bastion hosts are instances that sit within your public subnet and are typically accessed using SSH or RDP. Once remote connectivity has been established with the bastion host, it then acts as a ‘jump’ server, allowing you to use SSH or RDP to login to other instances (within private subnets) deeper within your network. When properly configured through the use of security groups and Network ACLs, the bastion essentially acts as a bridge to your private instances via the Internet.”
Bastion Hosts
3
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Know the difference between Directory Service’s AD Connector and Simple AD. Use Simple AD if you need an inexpensive Active Directory–compatible service with the common directory features. AD Connector lets you simply connect your existing on-premises Active Directory to AWS.
AD Connector and Simple AD
4
Know how to enable cross-account access with IAM: To delegate permission to access a resource, you create an IAM role that has two policies attached. The permissions policy grants the user of the role the needed permissions to carry out the desired tasks on the resource. The trust policy specifies which trusted accounts are allowed to grant its users permissions to assume the role. The trust policy on the role in the trusting account is one-half of the permissions. The other half is a permissions policy attached to the user in the trusted account that allows that user to switch to, or assume the role.
Enable cross-account access with IAM
5
Have a good understanding of how Route53 supports all of the different DNS record types, and when you would use certain ones over others.
Route 53 supports all of the different DNS record types
6
Know which services have native encryption at rest within the region, and which do not.
AWS Services with native Encryption at rest
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7
Know which services allow you to retain full admin privileges of the underlying EC2 instances
EC2 Full admin privilege
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8
Know When Elastic IPs are free or not: If you associate additional EIPs with that instance, you will be charged for each additional EIP associated with that instance per hour on a pro rata basis. Additional EIPs are only available in Amazon VPC. To ensure efficient use of Elastic IP addresses, we impose a small hourly charge when these IP addresses are not associated with a running instance or when they are associated with a stopped instance or unattached network interface.
When are AWS Elastic IPs Free or not?
9
Know what are the four high level categories of information Trusted Advisor supplies.
#AWS Trusted advisor
10
Know how to troubleshoot a connection time out error when trying to connect to an instance in your VPC. You need a security group rule that allows inbound traffic from your public IP address on the proper port, you need a route that sends all traffic destined outside the VPC (0.0.0.0/0) to the Internet gateway for the VPC, the network ACLs must allow inbound and outbound traffic from your public IP address on the proper port, etc.
#AWS Connection time out error
11
Be able to identify multiple possible use cases and eliminate non-use cases for SWF.
#AWS
12
Understand how you might set up consolidated billing and cross-account access such that individual divisions resources are isolated from each other, but corporate IT can oversee all of it.
#AWS Set up consolidated billing
13
Know how you would go about making changes to an Auto Scaling group, fully understanding what you can and can’t change. “You can only specify one launch configuration for an Auto Scaling group at a time, and you can’t modify a launch configuration after you’ve created it. Therefore, if you want to change the launch configuration for your Auto Scaling group, you must create a launch configuration and then update your Auto Scaling group with the new launch configuration. When you change the launch configuration for your Auto Scaling group, any new instances are launched using the new configuration parameters, but existing instances are not affected.
#AWS Make Change to Auto Scaling group
14
Know how you would go about making changes to an Auto Scaling group, fully understanding what you can and can’t change. “You can only specify one launch configuration for an Auto Scaling group at a time, and you can’t modify a launch configuration after you’ve created it. Therefore, if you want to change the launch configuration for your Auto Scaling group, you must create a launch configuration and then update your Auto Scaling group with the new launch configuration. When you change the launch configuration for your Auto Scaling group, any new instances are launched using the new configuration parameters, but existing instances are not affected.
#AWS Make Change to Auto Scaling group
15
Know which field you use to run a script upon launching your instance.
#AWS User data script
16
Know how DynamoDB (durable, and you can pay for strong consistency), Elasticache (great for speed, not so durable), and S3 (eventual consistency results in lower latency) compare to each other in terms of durability and low latency.
#AWS DynamoDB consistency
17
Know the difference between bucket policies, IAM policies, and ACLs for use with S3, and examples of when you would use each. “With IAM policies, companies can grant IAM users fine-grained control to their Amazon S3 bucket or objects while also retaining full control over everything the users do. With bucket policies, companies can define rules which apply broadly across all requests to their Amazon S3 resources, such as granting write privileges to a subset of Amazon S3 resources. Customers can also restrict access based on an aspect of the request, such as HTTP referrer and IP address. With ACLs, customers can grant specific permissions (i.e. READ, WRITE, FULL_CONTROL) to specific users for an individual bucket or object.
#AWS Difference between bucket policies
18
Know when and how you can encrypt snapshots.
#AWS EBS Encryption
19
Understand how you can use ELB cross-zone load balancing to ensure even distribution of traffic to EC2 instances in multiple AZs registered with a load balancer.
#AWS ELB cross-zone load balancing
20
How would you allow users to log into the AWS console using active directory integration. Here is a link to some good reference material.
#AWS og into the AWS console using active directory integration
21
Spot instances are good for cost optimization, even if it seems you might need to fall back to On-Demand instances if you wind up getting kicked off them and the timeline grows tighter. The primary (but still not only) factor seems to be whether you can gracefully handle instances that die on you–which is pretty much how you should always design everything, anyway!
#AWS Spot instances
22
The term “use case” is not the same as “function” or “capability”. A use case is something that your app/system will need to accomplish, not just behaviour that you will get from that service. In particular, a use case doesn’t require that the service be a 100% turnkey solution for that situation, just that the service plays a valuable role in enabling it.
#AWS use case
23
There might be extra, unnecessary information in some of the questions (red herrings), so try not to get thrown off by them. Understand what services can and can’t do, but don’t ignore “obvious”-but-still-correct answers in favour of super-tricky ones.
#AWS Exam Answers: Distractors
24
If you don’t know what they’re trying to ask, in a question, just move on and come back to it later (by using the helpful “mark this question” feature in the exam tool). You could easily spend way more time than you should on a single confusing question if you don’t triage and move on.
#AWS Exa: Skip Questions that are vague and come back to them later
25
Some exam questions required you to understand features and use cases of: VPC peering, cross-account access, DirectConnect, snapshotting EBS RAID arrays, DynamoDB, spot instances, Glacier, AWS/user security responsibilities, etc.
#AWS
26
The 30 Day constraint in the S3 Lifecycle Policy before transitioning to S3-IA and S3-One Zone IA storage classes
#AWS S3 lifecycle policy
27
Enabling Cross-region snapshot copy for an AWS KMS-encrypted cluster
Redis Auth / Amazon MQ / IAM DB Authentication
#AWS Cross-region snapshot copy for an AWS KMS-encrypted cluster
28
Know that FTP is using TCP and not UDP (Helpful for questions where you are asked to troubleshoot the network flow)
TCP and UDP
29
Know the Difference between S3, EBS and EFS
#AWS Difference between S3, EBS and EFS
31
Handling SSL Certificates in ELB ( Wildcard certificate vs SNI )
#AWS Handling SSL Certificates in ELB ( Wildcard certificate vs SNI )
32
Difference between OAI, Signed URL (CloudFront) and Pre-signed URL (S3)
#AWS Difference between OAI, Signed URL (CloudFront) and Pre-signed URL (S3)
33
Different types of Aurora Endpoints
#AWS Different types of Aurora Endpoints
34
The Default Termination Policy for Auto Scaling Group (Oldest launch configuration vs Instance Protection)
#AWS Default Termination Policy for Auto Scaling Group
35
Watch Acloud Guru Videos Lectures while commuting / lunch break – Reschedule the exam if you are not yet ready
#AWS ACloud Guru
36
Watch Linux Academy Videos Lectures while commuting / lunch break – Reschedule the exam if you are not yet ready
#AWS Linux Academy
37
Watch Udemy Videos Lectures while commuting / lunch break – Reschedule the exam if you are not yet ready
#AWS Linux Academy
38
The Udemy practice test interface is good that it pinpoints your weak areas, so what I did was to re-watch all the videos that I got the wrong answers. Since I was able to gauge my exam readiness, I decided to reschedule my exam for 2 more weeks, to help me focus on completing the practice tests.
#AWS Udemy
39
Use AWS Cheatsheets – I also found the cheatsheets provided by Tutorials Dojo very helpful. In my opinion, it is better than Jayendrapatil Patil’s blog since it contains more updated information that complements your review notes.
#AWS Cheat Sheet
40
Watch this exam readiness 3hr video, it very recent webinar this provides what is expected in the exam.
#AWS Exam Prep Video
41
Start off watching Ryan’s videos. Try and completely focus on the hands on. Take your time to understand what you are trying to learn and achieve in those LAB Sessions.
#AWS Exam Prep Video
42
Do not rush into completing the videos. Take your time and hone the basics. Focus and spend a lot of time for the back bone of AWS infrastructure – Compute/EC2 section, Storage (S3/EBS/EFS), Networking (Route 53/Load Balancers), RDS, VPC, Route 3. These sections are vast, with lot of concepts to go over and have loads to learn. Trust me you will need to thoroughly understand each one of them to ensure you pass the certification comfortably.
#AWS Exam Prep Video
43
Make sure you go through resources section and also AWS documentation for each components. Go over FAQs. If you have a question, please post it in the community. Trust me, each answer here helps you understand more about AWS.
#AWS Faqs
44
Like any other product/service, each AWS offering has a different flavor. I will take an example of EC2 (Spot/Reserved/Dedicated/On Demand etc.). Make sure you understand what they are, what are the pros/cons of each of these flavors. Applies for all other offerings too.
#AWS Services
45
Ensure to attend all quizzes after each section. Please do not treat these quizzes as your practice exams. These quizzes are designed to mostly test your knowledge on the section you just finished. The exam itself is designed to test you with scenarios and questions, where in you will need to recall and apply your knowledge of different AWS technologies/services you learn over multiple lectures.
#AWS Services
46
I, personally, do not recommend to attempt a practice exam or simulator exam until you have done all of the above. It was a little overwhelming for me. I had thoroughly gone over the videos. And understood the concepts pretty well, but once I opened exam simulator I felt the questions were pretty difficult. I also had a feeling that videos do not cover lot of topics. But later I realized, given the vastness of AWS Services and offerings it is really difficult to encompass all these services and their details in the course content. The fact that these services keep changing so often, does not help
#AWS Services
47
Go back and make a note of all topics, that you felt were unfamiliar for you. Go through the resources section and fiund links to AWS documentation. After going over them, you shoud gain at least 5-10% more knowledge on AWS. Have expectations from the online courses as a way to get thorough understanding of basics and strong foundations for your AWS knowledge. But once you are done with videos. Make sure you spend a lot of time on AWS documentation and FAQs. There are many many topics/sub topics which may not be covered in the course and you would need to know, atleast their basic functionalities, to do well in the exam.
#AWS Services
48
Once you start taking practice exams, it may seem really difficult at the beginning. So, please do not panic if you find the questions complicated or difficult. IMO they are designed or put in a way to sound complicated but they are not. Be calm and read questions very carefully. In my observation, many questions have lot of information which sometimes is not relevant to the solution you are expected to provide. Read the question slowly and read it again until you understand what is expected out of it.
#AWS Services
49
With each practice exam you will come across topics that you may need to scale your knowledge on or learn them from scratch.
#AWS Services
50
With each test and the subsequent revision, you will surely feel more confident.
There are 130 mins for questions. 2 mins for each question which is plenty of time.
At least take 8-10 practice tests. The ones on udemy/tutorialdojo are really good. If you are a acloudguru member. The exam simulator is really good.
Manage your time well. Keep patience. I saw someone mention in one of the discussions that do not under estimate the mental focus/strength needed to sit through 130 mins solving these questions. And it is really true.
Do not give away or waste any of those precious 130 mins. While answering flag/mark questions you think you are not completely sure. My advice is, even if you finish early, spend your time reviewing the answers. I could review 40 of my answers at the end of test. And I at least rectified 3 of them (which is 4-5% of total score, I think)
So in short – Put a lot of focus on making your foundations strong. Make sure you go through AWS Documentation and FAQs. Try and envision how all of the AWS components can fit together and provide an optimal solution. Keep calm.
This video gives outline about exam, must watch before or after Ryan’s course. #AWS Services
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Walking you through how to best prepare for the AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate SAA-C02 exam in 5 steps:
1. Understand the exam blueprint
2. Learn about the new topics included in the SAA-C02 version of the exam
3. Use the many FREE resources available to gain and deepen your knowledge
4. Enroll in our hands-on video course to learn AWS in depth
5. Use practice tests to fully prepare yourself for the exam and assess your exam readiness
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Storage:
1. Know your different Amazon S3 storage tiers! You need to know the use cases, features and limitations, and relative costs; e.g. retrieval costs.
2. Amazon S3 lifecycle policies is also required knowledge — there are minimum storage times in certain tiers that you need to know.
3. For Glacier, you need to understand what it is, what it’s used for, and what the options are for retrieval times and fees.
4. For the Amazon Elastic File System (EFS), make sure you’re clear which operating systems you can use with it (just Linux).
5. For the Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), make sure you know when to use the different tiers including instance stores; e.g. what would you use for a datastore that requires the highest IO and the data is distributed across multiple instances? (Good instance store use case)
6. Learn about Amazon FSx. You’ll need to know about FSx for Windows and Lustre.
7. Know how to improve Amazon S3 performance including using CloudFront, and byte-range fetches — check out this whitepaper.
8. Make sure you understand about Amazon S3 object deletion protection options including versioning and MFA delete.
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Compute:
1. You need to have a good understanding of the options for how to scale an Auto Scaling Group using metrics such as SQS queue depth, or numbers of SNS messages.
2. Know your different Auto Scaling policies including Target Tracking Policies.
3. Read up on High Performance Computing (HPC) with AWS. You’ll need to know about Amazon FSx with HPC use cases.
4. Know your placement groups. Make sure you can differentiate between spread, cluster and partition; e.g. what would you use for lowest latency? What about if you need to support an app that’s tightly coupled? Within an AZ or cross AZ?
5. Make sure you know the difference between Elastic Network Adapters (ENAs), Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) and Elastic Fabric Adapters (EFAs).
6. For the Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS), make sure you understand how to assign IAM policies to ECS for providing S3 access. How can you decouple an ECS data processing process — Kinesis Firehose or SQS?
7. Make sure you’re clear on the different EC2 pricing models including Reserved Instances (RI) and the different RI options such as scheduled RIs.
8. Make sure you know the maximum execution time for AWS Lambda (it’s currently 900 seconds or 15 minutes).
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Network
1. Understand what AWS Global Accelerator is and its use cases.
2. Understand when to use CloudFront and when to use AWS Global Accelerator.
3. Make sure you understand the different types of VPC endpoint and which require an Elastic Network Interface (ENI) and which require a route table entry.
4. You need to know how to connect multiple accounts; e.g. should you use VPC peering or a VPC endpoint?
5. Know the difference between PrivateLink and ClassicLink.
6. Know the patterns for extending a secure on-premises environment into AWS.
7. Know how to encrypt AWS Direct Connect (you can use a Virtual Private Gateway / AWS VPN).
8. Understand when to use Direct Connect vs Snowball to migrate data — lead time can be an issue with Direct Connect if you’re in a hurry.
9. Know how to prevent circumvention of Amazon CloudFront; e.g. Origin Access Identity (OAI) or signed URLs / signed cookies.
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Databases
1. Make sure you understand Amazon Aurora and Amazon Aurora Serverless.
2. Know which RDS databases can have Read Replicas and whether you can read from a Multi-AZ standby.
3. Know the options for encrypting an existing RDS database; e.g. only at creation time otherwise you must encrypt a snapshot and create a new instance from the snapshot.
4. Know which databases are key-value stores; e.g. Amazon DynamoDB.
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Application Integration
1. Make sure you know the use cases for the Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS), and Simple Notification Service (SNS).
2. Understand the differences between Amazon Kinesis Firehose and SQS and when you would use each service.
3. Know how to use Amazon S3 event notifications to publish events to SQS — here’s a good “How To” article.
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Management and Governance
1. You’ll need to know about AWS Organizations; e.g. how to migrate an account between organizations.
2. For AWS Organizations, you also need to know how to restrict actions using service control policies attached to OUs.
3. Understand what AWS Resource Access Manager is.
AWS CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT SAA-C02 : HOW TO BEST PREPARE IN 5 STEPS
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Jon Bonso list of helpful exam prep materials that you can use.
1. The official AWS SAA-C02 Certification Exam page.
2. The official AWS Exam Guide.
3. The official AWS Sample Questions
4. The official AWS Ramp-Up Guide: Architect PDF
5. Tutorials Dojo SAA-C02 Study Guide
6. Udemy Practice Exams
7. New AWS Services to prepare for:AWS Global Accelerator
8. New AWS Services to prepare for: Elastic Fabric Adapter — Amazon Web Services
9. New AWS Services to prepare for: AWS ParallelCluster – Amazon Web Services
10. New AWS Services to prepare for: Amazon FSx File Storage
Pass your SAA-C02 (AWS Solutions Architect Associate) exam with these Top 5 Resources
About this App
The AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Examination reparation and Readiness Quiz App (SAA-C01, SAA-C01, SAA) Prep App helps you prepare and train for the AWS Certification Solution Architect Associate Exam with various questions and answers dumps.
This App provide updated Questions and Answers, an Intuitive Responsive Interface allowing to browse questions horizontally and browse tips and resources vertically after completing a quiz.
Features:
- 100+ Questions and Answers updated frequently to get you AWS certified.
- Quiz with score tracker, countdown timer, highest score saving. Vie Answers after completing the quiz for each category.
- Can only see answers after completing the quiz.
- Show/Hide button option for answers. Link to PRO Version to see all answers for each category
- Ability to navigate through questions for each category using next and previous button.
- Resource info page about the answer for each category and Top 60 Tips to succeed in the exam.
- Prominent Cloud Evangelist latest tweets and Technology Latest News Feed
- The app helps you study and practice from your mobile device with an intuitive interface.
- SAA-C01 and SAA-C02 compatible
- Resource info page about the answer for each category.
- Helps you study and practice from your mobile device with an intuitive interface.
The questions and Answers are divided in 4 categories:
- Design High Performing Architectures,
- Design Cost Optimized Architectures,
- Design Secure Applications And Architectures,
- Design Resilient Architecture,
The questions and answers cover the following topics: AWS VPC, S3, DynamoDB, EC2, ECS, Lambda, API Gateway, CloudWatch, CloudTrail, Code Pipeline, Code Deploy, TCO Calculator, AWS S3, AWS DynamoDB, CloudWatch , AWS SES, Amazon Lex, AWS EBS, AWS ELB, AWS Autoscaling , RDS, Aurora, Route 53, Amazon CodeGuru, Amazon Bracket, AWS Billing and Pricing, AWS Simply Monthly Calculator, AWS cost calculator, Ec2 pricing on-demand, AWS Pricing, AWS Pay As You Go, AWS No Upfront Cost, Cost Explorer, AWS Organizations, Consolidated billing, Instance Scheduler, on-demand instances, Reserved instances, Spot Instances, CloudFront, Web hosting on S3, S3 storage classes, AWS Regions, AWS Availability Zones, Trusted Advisor, Various architectural Questions and Answers about AWS, AWS SDK, AWS EBS Volumes, EC2, S3, Containers, KMS, AWS read replicas, Cloudfront, API Gateway, AWS Snapshots, Auto shutdown Ec2 instances, High Availability, RDS, DynamoDB, Elasticity, AWS Virtual Machines, AWS Caching, AWS Containers, AWS Architecture, AWS Ec2, AWS S3, AWS Security, AWS Lambda, Bastion Hosts, S3 lifecycle policy, kinesis sharing, AWS KMS, Design High Performing Architectures, Design Cost Optimized Architectures, Design Secure Applications And Architectures, Design Resilient Architecture, AWS vs Azure vs Google Cloud, Resources, Questions, AWS, AWS SDK, AWS EBS Volumes, AWS read replicas, Cloudfront, API Gateway, AWS Snapshots, Auto shutdown Ec2 instances, High Availability, RDS, DynamoDB, Elasticity, AWS Virtual Machines, AWS Caching, AWS Containers, AWS Architecture, AWS Ec2, AWS S3, AWS Security, AWS Lambda, Load Balancing, DynamoDB, EBS, Multi-AZ RDS, Aurora, EFS, DynamoDB, NLB, ALB, Aurora, Auto Scaling, DynamoDB(latency), Aurora(performance), Multi-AZ RDS(high availability), Throughput Optimized EBS (highly sequential), SAA-CO1, SAA-CO2, Cloudwatch, CloudTrail, KMS, ElasticBeanstalk, OpsWorks, RPO vs RTO, HA vs FT, Undifferentiated Heavy Lifting, Access Management Basics, Shared Responsibility Model, Cloud Service Models, etc…
The resources sections cover the following areas: Certification, AWS training, Mock Exam Preparation Tips, Cloud Architect Training, Cloud Architect Knowledge, Cloud Technology, cloud certification, cloud exam preparation tips, cloud solution architect associate exam, certification practice exam, learn aws free, amazon cloud solution architect, question dumps, acloud guru links, tutorial dojo links, linuxacademy links, latest aws certification tweets, and post from reddit, quota, linkedin, medium, cloud exam preparation tips, aws cloud solution architect associate exam, aws certification practice exam, cloud exam questions, learn aws free, amazon cloud solution architect, amazon cloud certified solution architect associate exam questions, as certification dumps, google cloud, azure cloud, acloud, learn google cloud, learn azure cloud, cloud comparison, etc.
Abilities Validated by the Certification:
- Effectively demonstrate knowledge of how to architect and deploy secure and robust applications on AWS technologies
- Define a solution using architectural design principles based on customer requirements
- Provide implementation guidance based on best practices to the organization throughout the life cycle of the project
Recommended Knowledge for the Certification:
- One year of hands-on experience designing available, cost-effective, fault-tolerant, and scalable distributed systems on AWS.
- Hands-on experience using compute, networking, storage, and database AWS services.
- Hands-on experience with AWS deployment and management services.
- Ability to identify and define technical requirements for an AWS-based application.
- bility to identify which AWS services meet a given technical requirement.
- Knowledge of recommended best practices for building secure and reliable applications on the AWS platform.
- An understanding of the basic architectural principles of building in the AWS Cloud.
- An understanding of the AWS global infrastructure.
- An understanding of network technologies as they relate to AWS.
- An understanding of security features and tools that AWS provides and how they relate to traditional services.
Note and disclaimer: We are not affiliated with AWS or Amazon or Microsoft or Google. The questions are put together based on the certification study guide and materials available online. We also receive questions and answers from anonymous users and we vet to make sure they are legitimate. The questions in this app should help you pass the exam but it is not guaranteed. We are not responsible for any exam you did not pass.
Important: To succeed with the real exam, do not memorize the answers in this app. It is very important that you understand why a question is right or wrong and the concepts behind it by carefully reading the reference documents in the answers.
What is the AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam?
This exam validates an examinee’s ability to effectively demonstrate knowledge of how to architect and deploy secure and robust applications on AWS technologies. It validates an examinee’s ability to:
- Define a solution using architectural design principles based on customer requirements.
- Multiple-response: Has two correct responses out of five options.
There are two types of questions on the examination:
- Multiple-choice: Has one correct response and three incorrect responses (distractors).
- Provide implementation guidance based on best practices to the organization throughout the lifecycle of the project.
Select one or more responses that best complete the statement or answer the question. Distractors, or incorrect answers, are response options that an examinee with incomplete knowledge or skill would likely choose. However, they are generally plausible responses that fit in the content area defined by the test objective. Unanswered questions are scored as incorrect; there is no penalty for guessing.
To succeed with the real exam, do not memorize the answers below. It is very important that you understand why a question is right or wrong and the concepts behind it by carefully reading the reference documents in the answers.
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate info and details
The AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam is a multiple choice, multiple answer exam. Here is the Exam Overview:
- Certification Name: AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate.
- Prerequisites for the Exam: None.
- Exam Pattern: Multiple Choice Questions
- Duration: 130 mins
- Exam fees: US $150
- Exam Guide on AWS Website
- Available languages for tests: English, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese
- Read AWS whitepapers
- Register for certification account here.
- Prepare for Certification Here
Other AWS Facts and Summaries and Questions/Answers Dump
- AWS S3 facts and summaries and Q&A Dump
- AWS DynamoDB facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS EC2 facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS Serverless facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS Developer and Deployment Theory facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS IAM facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS vs Azure vs Google
- Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
- Cloud Customer Insurance – Cloud Provider Insurance – Cyber Insurance
Additional Information for reference
Below are some useful reference links that would help you to learn about AWS Practitioner Exam.
- AWS certified cloud practitioner/
- certification faqs
- AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam Prep Dumps
Other Relevant and Recommended AWS Certifications

AWS Certification Exams Roadmap[/caption]
- AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner
- AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate
- AWS Certified Developer – Associate
- AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate
- AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional
- AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional
- AWS Certified Big Data Specialty
- AWS Certified Advanced Networking.
- AWS Certified Security – Specialty
AWS Solution Architect Associate Exam Whitepapers:
AWS has provided whitepapers to help you understand the technical concepts. Below are the recommended whitepapers.
Online Training and Labs for AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Jobs
AWS Certification and Training Apps for all platforms:
AWS Cloud practitioner FREE version:
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner for the web:pwa
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for iOS
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Microsoft/Windows10
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Android (Google Play Store)
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Android (Amazon App Store)
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Android (Huawei App Gallery)
AWS Solution Architect FREE version:
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam Prep App for iOS: https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/solution-architect-assoc-quiz/id1501225766
Solution Architect Associate for Android Google Play
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam Prep App for the eb: Pwa
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate Exam Prep App for Amazon android
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Microsoft/Windows10
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Huawei App Gallery
AWS Cloud Practitioner PRO Versions:
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner PRO Exam Prep App for iOS
AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner PRO Associate Exam Prep App for android google
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Amazon android
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep App for Windows 10
AWS Certified Cloud practitioner Exam Prep PRO App for Android (Huawei App Gallery) Coming soon
AWS Solution Architect PRO
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate PRO versions for iOS
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate PRO Exam Prep App for Android google
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate PRO Exam Prep App for Windows10
AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate PRO Exam Prep App for Amazon android
Huawei App Gallery: Coming soon
AWS Certified Developer Associates Free version:
AWS Certified Developer Associates for Android (Google Play)
AWS Certified Developer Associates Web/PWA
AWS Certified Developer Associates for iOs
AWS Certified Developer Associates for Android (Huawei App Gallery)
AWS Certified Developer Associates for windows 10 (Microsoft App store)
Amazon App Store: Coming soon
AWS Developer Associates PRO version
PRO version with mock exam for android (Google Play)
PRO version with mock exam ios
AWS Certified Developer Associates PRO for Android (Amazon App Store): Coming Soon
AWS Certified Developer Associates PRO for Android (Huawei App Gallery): Coming soon
What are the corresponding Azure and Google Cloud services for each of the AWS services?


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What are the corresponding Azure and Google Cloud services for each of the AWS services?
What are unique distinctions and similarities between AWS, Azure and Google Cloud services? For each AWS service, what is the equivalent Azure and Google Cloud service? For each Azure service, what is the corresponding Google Service? AWS Services vs Azure vs Google Services? Side by side comparison between AWS, Google Cloud and Azure Service?
For a better experience, use the mobile app here.


1
Category: Marketplace
Easy-to-deploy and automatically configured third-party applications, including single virtual machine or multiple virtual machine solutions.
References:
[AWS]:AWS Marketplace
[Azure]:Azure Marketplace
[Google]:Google Cloud Marketplace
Tags: #AWSMarketplace, #AzureMarketPlace, #GoogleMarketplace
Differences: They are both digital catalog with thousands of software listings from independent software vendors that make it easy to find, test, buy, and deploy software that runs on their respective cloud platform.
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Category: AI and machine learning
A cloud service to train, deploy, automate, and manage machine learning models.
References:
[AWS]:AWS SageMaker(build, train and deploy machine learning models), AWS DeepComposer (ML enabled musical keyboard), Amazon Fraud Detector (Detect more online fraud faster), Amazon CodeGuru (Automate code reviews and identify expensive lines of code), Contact Lens for Amazon Connect (Contact center analytics powered by ML), Amazon Kendra (Reinvent enterprise search with ML), Amazon Augmented AI (Easily implement human review of ML predictions), Amazon SageMaker Studio (The first visual IDE for machine learning), Amazon SageMaker Notebooks (Quickly start and share ML notebooks), Amazon SageMaker Experiments (Organize, track, and evaluate ML experiments), Amazon SageMaker Debugger (Analyze and debug ML models in real time), Amazon SageMaker Autopilot (Automatically create high quality ML models), Amazon SageMaker Model Monitor (Continuously monitor ML models)
[Azure]:Azure Machine Learning
[Google]:Google Cloud TensorFlow
Tags: #AI, #CloudAI, #SageMaker, #AzureMachineLearning, #TensorFlow
Differences: According to the StackShare community, Azure Machine Learning has a broader approval, being mentioned in 12 company stacks & 8 developers stacks; compared to Amazon Machine Learning, which is listed in 8 company stacks and 9 developer stacks.
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Category: AI and machine learning
Build and connect intelligent bots that interact with your users using text/SMS, Skype, Teams, Slack, Office 365 mail, Twitter, and other popular services.
References:
[AWS]:Alexa Skills Kit (enables a developer to build skills, also called conversational applications, on the Amazon Alexa artificial intelligence assistant.)
[Azure]:Microsoft Bot Framework (building enterprise-grade conversational AI experiences.)
[Google]:Google Assistant Actions ( developer platform that lets you create software to extend the functionality of the Google Assistant, Google’s virtual personal assistant,)
Imagine a 24/7 virtual assistant that never sleeps, always ready to serve customers with instant, accurate responses.
Contact us here to book a demo and receive a personalized value proposition
We combine the power of GIS and AI to deliver instant, actionable intelligence for organizations that rely on real-time data gathering. Our unique solution leverages 🍇 GIS best practices and 🍉 Power Automate for GIS integration to collect field data—texts, photos, and geolocation—seamlessly. Then, through 🍊 Generative AI for image analysis, we deliver immediate insights and recommendations right to your team’s inbox and chat tools.
Contact us here to book a demo and receive a personalized value proposition
Tags: #AlexaSkillsKit, #MicrosoftBotFramework, #GoogleAssistant
Differences: One major advantage Google gets over Alexa is that Google Assistant is available to almost all Android devices.
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Category: AI and machine learning
Description:API capable of converting speech to text, understanding intent, and converting text back to speech for natural responsiveness.
References:
[AWS]:Amazon Lex (building conversational interfaces into any application using voice and text.)
[Azure]:Azure Speech Services(unification of speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and speech translation into a single Azure subscription)
[Google]:Google APi.ai, AI Hub (Hosted repo of plug-and-play AI component), AI building blocks(for developers to add sight, language, conversation, and structured data to their applications.), AI Platform(code-based data science development environment, lets ML developers and data scientists quickly take projects from ideation to deployment.), DialogFlow (Google-owned developer of human–computer interaction technologies based on natural language conversations. ), TensorFlow(Open Source Machine Learning platform)
Tags: #AmazonLex, #CogintiveServices, #AzureSpeech, #Api.ai, #DialogFlow, #Tensorflow
Differences: api.ai provides us with such a platform which is easy to learn and comprehensive to develop conversation actions. It is a good example of the simplistic approach to solving complex man to machine communication problem using natural language processing in proximity to machine learning. Api.ai supports context based conversations now, which reduces the overhead of handling user context in session parameters. On the other hand in Lex this has to be handled in session. Also, api.ai can be used for both voice and text based conversations (assistant actions can be easily created using api.ai).
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Category: AI and machine learning
Description:Computer Vision: Extract information from images to categorize and process visual data.
References:
[AWS]:Amazon Rekognition (based on the same proven, highly scalable, deep learning technology developed by Amazon’s computer vision scientists to analyze billions of images and videos daily. It requires no machine learning expertise to use.)
[Azure]:Cognitive Services(bring AI within reach of every developer—without requiring machine-learning expertise.)
[Google]:Google Vision (offers powerful pre-trained machine learning models through REST and RPC APIs.)
Tags: AmazonRekognition, #GoogleVision, #AzureSpeech
Differences: For now, only Google Cloud Vision supports batch processing. Videos are not natively supported by Google Cloud Vision or Amazon Rekognition. The Object Detection functionality of Google Cloud Vision and Amazon Rekognition is almost identical, both syntactically and semantically.
Differences:
Google Cloud Vision and Amazon Rekognition offer a broad spectrum of solutions, some of which are comparable in terms of functional details, quality, performance, and costs.
6
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Category: Big data and analytics: Data warehouse
Description:Cloud-based Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) that uses Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) to quickly run complex queries across petabytes of data.
References:
[AWS]:AWS Redshift (scalable data warehouse that makes it simple and cost-effective to analyze all your data across your data warehouse and data lake.), Amazon Redshift Data Lake Export (Save query results in an open format),Amazon Redshift Federated Query(Run queries n line transactional data), Amazon Redshift RA3(Optimize costs with up to 3x better performance), AQUA: AQUA: Advanced Query Accelerator for Amazon Redshift (Power analytics with a new hardware-accelerated cache), UltraWarm for Amazon Elasticsearch Service(Store logs at ~1/10th the cost of existing storage tiers )
[Azure]:Azure Synapse formerly SQL Data Warehouse (limitless analytics service that brings together enterprise data warehousing and Big Data analytics.)
[Google]:BigQuery (RESTful web service that enables interactive analysis of massive datasets working in conjunction with Google Storage. )
Tags:#AWSRedshift, #GoogleBigQuery, #AzureSynapseAnalytics
Differences: Loading data, Managing resources (and hence pricing), Ecosystem. Ecosystem is where Redshift is clearly ahead of BigQuery. While BigQuery is an affordable, performant alternative to Redshift, they are considered to be more up and coming
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Category: Big data and analytics: Data warehouse
Description: Apache Spark-based analytics platform. Managed Hadoop service. Data orchestration, ETL, Analytics and visualization
References:
[AWS]:EMR, Data Pipeline, Kinesis Stream, Kinesis Firehose, Glue, QuickSight, Athena, CloudSearch
[Azure]:Azure Databricks, Data Catalog Cortana Intelligence, HDInsight, Power BI, Azure Datafactory, Azure Search, Azure Data Lake Anlytics, Stream Analytics, Azure Machine Learning
[Google]:Cloud DataProc, Machine Learning, Cloud Datalab
Tags:#EMR, #DataPipeline, #Kinesis, #Cortana, AzureDatafactory, #AzureDataAnlytics, #CloudDataProc, #MachineLearning, #CloudDatalab
Differences: All three providers offer similar building blocks; data processing, data orchestration, streaming analytics, machine learning and visualisations. AWS certainly has all the bases covered with a solid set of products that will meet most needs. Azure offers a comprehensive and impressive suite of managed analytical products. They support open source big data solutions alongside new serverless analytical products such as Data Lake. Google provide their own twist to cloud analytics with their range of services. With Dataproc and Dataflow, Google have a strong core to their proposition. Tensorflow has been getting a lot of attention recently and there will be many who will be keen to see Machine Learning come out of preview.
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Category: Virtual servers
Description:Virtual servers allow users to deploy, manage, and maintain OS and server software. Instance types provide combinations of CPU/RAM. Users pay for what they use with the flexibility to change sizes.
Batch: Run large-scale parallel and high-performance computing applications efficiently in the cloud.
References:
[AWS]:Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Bracket(Explore and experiment with quantum computing), Amazon Ec2 M6g Instances (Achieve up to 40% better price performance), Amazon Ec2 Inf1 instancs (Deliver cost-effective ML inference), AWS Graviton2 Processors (Optimize price performance for cloud workloads), AWS Batch, AWS AutoScaling, VMware Cloud on AWS, AWS Local Zones (Run low latency applications at the edge), AWS Wavelength (Deliver ultra-low latency applications for 5G devices), AWS Nitro Enclaves (Further protect highly sensitive data), AWS Outposts (Run AWS infrastructure and services on-premises)
[Azure]:Azure Virtual Machines, Azure Batch, Virtual Machine Scale Sets, Azure VMware by CloudSimple
[Google]:Compute Engine, Preemptible Virtual Machines, Managed instance groups (MIGs), Google Cloud VMware Solution by CloudSimple
Tags: #AWSEC2, #AWSBatch, #AWSAutoscaling, #AzureVirtualMachine, #AzureBatch, #VirtualMachineScaleSets, #AzureVMWare, #ComputeEngine, #MIGS, #VMWare
Differences: There is very little to choose between the 3 providers when it comes to virtual servers. Amazon has some impressive high end kit, on the face of it this sound like it would make AWS a clear winner. However, if your only option is to choose the biggest box available you will need to make sure you have very deep pockets, and perhaps your money may be better spent re-architecting your apps for horizontal scale.Azure’s remains very strong in the PaaS space and now has a IaaS that can genuinely compete with AWS
Google offers a simple and very capable set of services that are easy to understand. However, with availability in only 5 regions it does not have the coverage of the other players.
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Category: Containers and container orchestrators
Description: A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another.
Container orchestration is all about managing the lifecycles of containers, especially in large, dynamic environments.
References:
[AWS]:EC2 Container Service (ECS), Fargate(Run containers without anaging servers or clusters), EC2 Container Registry(managed AWS Docker registry service that is secure, scalable, and reliable.), Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (EKS: runs the Kubernetes management infrastructure across multiple AWS Availability Zones), App Mesh( application-level networking to make it easy for your services to communicate with each other across multiple types of compute infrastructure)
[Azure]:Azure Container Instances, Azure Container Registry, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), Service Fabric Mesh
[Google]:Google Container Engine, Container Registry, Kubernetes Engine
Tags:#ECS, #Fargate, #EKS, #AppMesh, #ContainerEngine, #ContainerRegistry, #AKS
Differences: Google Container Engine, AWS Container Services, and Azure Container Instances can be used to run docker containers. Google offers a simple and very capable set of services that are easy to understand. However, with availability in only 5 regions it does not have the coverage of the other players.
10
Category: Serverless
Description: Integrate systems and run backend processes in response to events or schedules without provisioning or managing servers.
References:
[AWS]:AWS Lambda
[Azure]:Azure Functions
[Google]:Google Cloud Functions
Tags:#AWSLAmbda, #AzureFunctions, #GoogleCloudFunctions
Differences: Both AWS Lambda and Microsoft Azure Functions and Google Cloud Functions offer dynamic, configurable triggers that you can use to invoke your functions on their platforms. AWS Lambda, Azure and Google Cloud Functions support Node.js, Python, and C#. The beauty of serverless development is that, with minor changes, the code you write for one service should be portable to another with little effort – simply modify some interfaces, handle any input/output transforms, and an AWS Lambda Node.JS function is indistinguishable from a Microsoft Azure Node.js Function. AWS Lambda provides further support for Python and Java, while Azure Functions provides support for F# and PHP. AWS Lambda is built from the AMI, which runs on Linux, while Microsoft Azure Functions run in a Windows environment. AWS Lambda uses the AWS Machine architecture to reduce the scope of containerization, letting you spin up and tear down individual pieces of functionality in your application at will.
11
Category: Relational databases
Description: Managed relational database service where resiliency, scale, and maintenance are primarily handled by the platform.
References:
[AWS]:AWS RDS(MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud,), Aurora(MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud)
[Azure]:SQL Database, Azure Database for MySQL, Azure Database for PostgreSQL
[Google]:Cloud SQL
Tags: #AWSRDS, #AWSAUrora, #AzureSQlDatabase, #AzureDatabaseforMySQL, #GoogleCloudSQL
Differences: All three providers boast impressive relational database offering. RDS supports an impressive range of managed relational stores while Azure SQL Database is probably the most advanced managed relational database available today. Azure also has the best out-of-the-box support for cross-region geo-replication across its database offerings.
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Category: NoSQL, Document Databases
Description:A globally distributed, multi-model database that natively supports multiple data models: key-value, documents, graphs, and columnar.
References:
[AWS]:DynamoDB (key-value and document database that delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale.), SimpleDB ( a simple web services interface to create and store multiple data sets, query your data easily, and return the results.), Managed Cassandra Services(MCS)
[Azure]:Table Storage, DocumentDB, Azure Cosmos DB
[Google]:Cloud Datastore (handles sharding and replication in order to provide you with a highly available and consistent database. )
Tags:#AWSDynamoDB, #SimpleDB, #TableSTorage, #DocumentDB, AzureCosmosDB, #GoogleCloudDataStore
Differences:DynamoDB and Cloud Datastore are based on the document store database model and are therefore similar in nature to open-source solutions MongoDB and CouchDB. In other words, each database is fundamentally a key-value store. With more workloads moving to the cloud the need for NoSQL databases will become ever more important, and again all providers have a good range of options to satisfy most performance/cost requirements. Of all the NoSQL products on offer it’s hard not to be impressed by DocumentDB; Azure also has the best out-of-the-box support for cross-region geo-replication across its database offerings.
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Category:Caching
Description:An in-memory–based, distributed caching service that provides a high-performance store typically used to offload non transactional work from a database.
References:
[AWS]:AWS ElastiCache (works as an in-memory data store and cache to support the most demanding applications requiring sub-millisecond response times.)
[Azure]:Azure Cache for Redis (based on the popular software Redis. It is typically used as a cache to improve the performance and scalability of systems that rely heavily on backend data-stores.)
[Google]:Memcache (In-memory key-value store, originally intended for caching)
Tags:#Redis, #Memcached
<Differences: They all support horizontal scaling via sharding.They all improve the performance of web applications by allowing you to retrive information from fast, in-memory caches, instead of relying on slower disk-based databases.”, “Differences”: “ElastiCache supports Memcached and Redis. Memcached Cloud provides various data persistence options as well as remote backups for disaster recovery purposes. Redis offers persistence to disk, Memcache does not. This can be very helpful if you cache lots of data, since you remove the slowness around having a fully cold cache. Redis also offers several extra data structures that Memcache doesn’t— Lists, Sets, Sorted Sets, etc. Memcache only has Key/Value pairs. Memcache is multi-threaded. Redis is single-threaded and event driven. Redis is very fast, but it’ll never be multi-threaded. At hight scale, you can squeeze more connections and transactions out of Memcache. Memcache tends to be more memory efficient. This can make a big difference around the magnitude of 10s of millions or 100s of millions of keys. ElastiCache supports Memcached and Redis. Memcached Cloud provides various data persistence options as well as remote backups for disaster recovery purposes. Redis offers persistence to disk, Memcache does not. This can be very helpful if you cache lots of data, since you remove the slowness around having a fully cold cache. Redis also offers several extra data structures that Memcache doesn’t— Lists, Sets, Sorted Sets, etc. Memcache only has Key/Value pairs. Memcache is multi-threaded. Redis is single-threaded and event driven. Redis is very fast, but it’ll never be multi-threaded. At hight scale, you can squeeze more connections and transactions out of Memcache. Memcache tends to be more memory efficient. This can make a big difference around the magnitude of 10s of millions or 100s of millions of keys.
14
Category: Security, identity, and access
Description:Authentication and authorization: Allows users to securely control access to services and resources while offering data security and protection. Create and manage users and groups, and use permissions to allow and deny access to resources.
References:
[AWS]:Identity and Access Management (IAM), AWS Organizations, Multi-Factor Authentication, AWS Directory Service, Cognito(provides solutions to control access to backend resources from your app), Amazon Detective (Investigate potential security issues), AWS IAM Access Analyzer(Easily analyze resource accessibility)
[Azure]:Azure Active Directory, Azure Subscription Management + Azure RBAC, Multi-Factor Authentication, Azure Active Directory Domain Services, Azure Active Directory B2C, Azure Policy, Management Groups
[Google]:Cloud Identity, Identity Platform, Cloud IAM, Policy Intelligence, Cloud Resource Manager, Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy, Context-aware accessManaged Service for Microsoft Active Directory, Security key enforcement, Titan Security Key
Tags: #IAM, #AWSIAM, #AzureIAM, #GoogleIAM, #Multi-factorAuthentication
Differences: One unique thing about AWS IAM is that accounts created in the organization (not through federation) can only be used within that organization. This contrasts with Google and Microsoft. On the good side, every organization is self-contained. On the bad side, users can end up with multiple sets of credentials they need to manage to access different organizations. The second unique element is that every user can have a non-interactive account by creating and using access keys, an interactive account by enabling console access, or both. (Side note: To use the CLI, you need to have access keys generated.)
15
Category: Object Storage and Content delivery
Description:Object storage service, for use cases including cloud applications, content distribution, backup, archiving, disaster recovery, and big data analytics.
References:
[AWS]:Simple Storage Services (S3), Import/Export(used to move large amounts of data into and out of the Amazon Web Services public cloud using portable storage devices for transport.), Snowball( petabyte-scale data transport solution that uses devices designed to be secure to transfer large amounts of data into and out of the AWS Cloud), CloudFront( content delivery network (CDN) is massively scaled and globally distributed), Elastic Block Store (EBS: high performance block storage service), Elastic File System(shared, elastic file storage system that grows and shrinks as you add and remove files.), S3 Infrequent Access (IA: is for data that is accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access when needed. ), S3 Glacier( long-term storage of data that is infrequently accessed and for which retrieval latency times of 3 to 5 hours are acceptable.), AWS Backup( makes it easy to centralize and automate the back up of data across AWS services in the cloud as well as on-premises using the AWS Storage Gateway.), Storage Gateway(hybrid cloud storage service that gives you on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage), AWS Import/Export Disk(accelerates moving large amounts of data into and out of AWS using portable storage devices for transport)
[Azure]:Azure Blob storage, File Storage, Data Lake Store, Azure Backup, Azure managed disks, Azure Files, Azure Storage cool tier, Azure Storage archive access tier, Azure Backup, StorSimple, Import/Export
[Google]:Cloud Storage, GlusterFS, CloudCDN
Tags:#S3, #AzureBlobStorage, #CloudStorage
Differences:Source: All providers have good object storage options and so storage alone is unlikely to be a deciding factor when choosing a cloud provider. The exception perhaps is for hybrid scenarios, in this case Azure and AWS clearly win. AWS and Google’s support for automatic versioning is a great feature that is currently missing from Azure; however Microsoft’s fully managed Data Lake Store offers an additional option that will appeal to organisations who are looking to run large scale analytical workloads. If you are prepared to wait 4 hours for your data and you have considerable amounts of the stuff then AWS Glacier storage might be a good option. If you use the common programming patterns for atomic updates and consistency, such as etags and the if-match family of headers, then you should be aware that AWS does not support them, though Google and Azure do. Azure also supports blob leasing, which can be used to provide a distributed lock.
16
Category:Internet of things (IoT)
Description:A cloud gateway for managing bidirectional communication with billions of IoT devices, securely and at scale. Deploy cloud intelligence directly on IoT devices to run in on-premises scenarios.
References:
[AWS]:AWS IoT (Internet of Things), AWS Greengrass, Kinesis Firehose, Kinesis Streams, AWS IoT Things Graph
[Azure]:Azure IoT Hub, Azure IoT Edge, Event Hubs, Azure Digital Twins, Azure Sphere
[Google]:Google Cloud IoT Core, Firebase, Brillo, Weave, CLoud Pub/SUb, Stream Analysis, Big Query, Big Query Streaming API
Tags:#IoT, #InternetOfThings, #Firebase
Differences:AWS and Azure have a more coherent message with their products clearly integrated into their respective platforms, whereas Google Firebase feels like a distinctly separate product.
17
Category:Web Applications
Description:Managed hosting platform providing easy to use services for deploying and scaling web applications and services. API Gateway is a a turnkey solution for publishing APIs to external and internal consumers. Cloudfront is a global content delivery network that delivers audio, video, applications, images, and other files.
References:
[AWS]:Elastic Beanstalk (for deploying and scaling web applications and services developed with Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker on familiar servers such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS), AWS Wavelength (for delivering ultra-low latency applications for 5G), API Gateway (makes it easy for developers to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale.), CloudFront (web service that speeds up distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .js, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations.),Global Accelerator ( improves the availability and performance of your applications with local or global users. It provides static IP addresses that act as a fixed entry point to your application endpoints in a single or multiple AWS Regions, such as your Application Load Balancers, Network Load Balancers or Amazon EC2 instances.)AWS AppSync (simplifies application development by letting you create a flexible API to securely access, manipulate, and combine data from one or more data sources: GraphQL service with real-time data synchronization and offline programming features. )
[Azure]:App Service, API Management, Azure Content Delivery Network, Azure Content Delivery Network
[Google]:App Engine, Cloud API, Cloud Enpoint, APIGee
Tags: #AWSElasticBeanstalk, #AzureAppService, #GoogleAppEngine, #CloudEnpoint, #CloudFront, #APIgee
Differences: With AWS Elastic Beanstalk, developers retain full control over the AWS resources powering their application. If developers decide they want to manage some (or all) of the elements of their infrastructure, they can do so seamlessly by using Elastic Beanstalk’s management capabilities. AWS Elastic Beanstalk integrates with more apps than Google App Engines (Datadog, Jenkins, Docker, Slack, Github, Eclipse, etc..). Google App Engine has more features than AWS Elastic BEanstalk (App Identity, Java runtime, Datastore, Blobstore, Images, Go Runtime, etc..). Developers describe Amazon API Gateway as “Create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale”. Amazon API Gateway handles all the tasks involved in accepting and processing up to hundreds of thousands of concurrent API calls, including traffic management, authorization and access control, monitoring, and API version management. On the other hand, Google Cloud Endpoints is detailed as “Develop, deploy and manage APIs on any Google Cloud backend”. An NGINX-based proxy and distributed architecture give unparalleled performance and scalability. Using an Open API Specification or one of our API frameworks, Cloud Endpoints gives you the tools you need for every phase of API development and provides insight with Google Cloud Monitoring, Cloud Trace, Google Cloud Logging and Cloud Trace.
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Category:Encryption
Description:Helps you protect and safeguard your data and meet your organizational security and compliance commitments.
References:
[AWS]:Key Management Service AWS KMS, CloudHSM
[Azure]:Key Vault
[Google]:Encryption By Default at Rest, Cloud KMS
Tags:#AWSKMS, #Encryption, #CloudHSM, #EncryptionAtRest, #CloudKMS
Differences: AWS KMS, is an ideal solution for organizations that want to manage encryption keys in conjunction with other AWS services. In contrast to AWS CloudHSM, AWS KMS provides a complete set of tools to manage encryption keys, develop applications and integrate with other AWS services. Google and Azure offer 4096 RSA. AWS and Google offer 256 bit AES. With AWs, you can bring your own key
19
Category:Internet of things (IoT)
Description:A cloud gateway for managing bidirectional communication with billions of IoT devices, securely and at scale. Deploy cloud intelligence directly on IoT devices to run in on-premises scenarios.
References:
[AWS]:AWS IoT, AWS Greengrass, Kinesis Firehose ( captures and loads streaming data in storage and business intelligence (BI) tools to enable near real-time analytics in the AWS cloud), Kinesis Streams (for rapid and continuous data intake and aggregation.), AWS IoT Things Graph (makes it easy to visually connect different devices and web services to build IoT applications.)
[Azure]:Azure IoT Hub, Azure IoT Edge, Event Hubs, Azure Digital Twins, Azure Sphere
[Google]:Google Cloud IoT Core, Firebase, Brillo, Weave, CLoud Pub/SUb, Stream Analysis, Big Query, Big Query Streaming API
Tags:#IoT, #InternetOfThings, #Firebase
Differences:AWS and Azure have a more coherent message with their products clearly integrated into their respective platforms, whereas Google Firebase feels like a distinctly separate product.
20
Category:Object Storage and Content delivery
Description: Object storage service, for use cases including cloud applications, content distribution, backup, archiving, disaster recovery, and big data analytics.
References:
[AWS]:Simple Storage Services (S3), Import/Export Snowball, CloudFront, Elastic Block Store (EBS), Elastic File System, S3 Infrequent Access (IA), S3 Glacier, AWS Backup, Storage Gateway, AWS Import/Export Disk, Amazon S3 Access Points(Easily manage access for shared data)
[Azure]:Azure Blob storage, File Storage, Data Lake Store, Azure Backup, Azure managed disks, Azure Files, Azure Storage cool tier, Azure Storage archive access tier, Azure Backup, StorSimple, Import/Export
[Google]:Cloud Storage, GlusterFS, CloudCDN
Tags:#S3, #AzureBlobStorage, #CloudStorage
Differences:All providers have good object storage options and so storage alone is unlikely to be a deciding factor when choosing a cloud provider. The exception perhaps is for hybrid scenarios, in this case Azure and AWS clearly win. AWS and Google’s support for automatic versioning is a great feature that is currently missing from Azure; however Microsoft’s fully managed Data Lake Store offers an additional option that will appeal to organisations who are looking to run large scale analytical workloads. If you are prepared to wait 4 hours for your data and you have considerable amounts of the stuff then AWS Glacier storage might be a good option. If you use the common programming patterns for atomic updates and consistency, such as etags and the if-match family of headers, then you should be aware that AWS does not support them, though Google and Azure do. Azure also supports blob leasing, which can be used to provide a distributed lock.
21
Category: Backend process logic
Description: Cloud technology to build distributed applications using out-of-the-box connectors to reduce integration challenges. Connect apps, data and devices on-premises or in the cloud.
References:
[AWS]:AWS Step Functions ( lets you build visual workflows that enable fast translation of business requirements into technical requirements. You can build applications in a matter of minutes, and when needs change, you can swap or reorganize components without customizing any code.)
[Azure]:Logic Apps (cloud service that helps you schedule, automate, and orchestrate tasks, business processes, and workflows when you need to integrate apps, data, systems, and services across enterprises or organizations.)
[Google]:Dataflow ( fully managed service for executing Apache Beam pipelines within the Google Cloud Platform ecosystem.)
Tags:#AWSStepFunctions, #LogicApps, #Dataflow
Differences: AWS Step Functions makes it easy to coordinate the components of distributed applications and microservices using visual workflows. Building applications from individual components that each perform a discrete function lets you scale and change applications quickly. AWS Step Functions belongs to \”Cloud Task Management\” category of the tech stack, while Google Cloud Dataflow can be primarily classified under \”Real-time Data Processing\”. According to the StackShare community, Google Cloud Dataflow has a broader approval, being mentioned in 32 company stacks & 8 developers stacks; compared to AWS Step Functions, which is listed in 19 company stacks and 7 developer stacks.
22
Category: Enterprise application services
Description:Fully integrated Cloud service providing communications, email, document management in the cloud and available on a wide variety of devices.
References:
[AWS]:Amazon WorkMail, Amazon WorkDocs, Amazon Kendra (Sync and Index)
[Azure]:Office 365
[Google]:G Suite
Tags: #AmazonWorkDocs, #Office365, #GoogleGSuite
Differences: G suite document processing applications like Google Docs are far behind Office 365 popular Word and Excel software, but G Suite User interface is intuite, simple and easy to navigate. Office 365 is too clunky. Get 20% off G-Suite Business Plan with Promo Code: PCQ49CJYK7EATNC
23
Category: Networking
Description: Provides an isolated, private environment in the cloud. Users have control over their virtual networking environment, including selection of their own IP address range, creation of subnets, and configuration of route tables and network gateways.
References:
[AWS]:Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), Cloud virtual networking, Subnets, Elastic Network Interface (ENI), Route Tables, Network ACL, Secutity Groups, Internet Gateway, NAT Gateway, AWS VPN Gateway, AWS Route 53, AWS Direct Connect, AWS Network Load Balancer, VPN CloudHub, AWS Local Zones, AWS Transit Gateway network manager (Centrally manage global networks)
[Azure]:Virtual Network(provide services for building networks within Azure.),Subnets (network resources can be grouped by subnet for organisation and security.), Network Interface (Each virtual machine can be assigned one or more network interfaces (NICs)), Network Security Groups (NSG: contains a set of prioritised ACL rules that explicitly grant or deny access), Azure VPN Gateway ( allows connectivity to on-premise networks), Azure DNS, Traffic Manager (DNS based traffic routing solution.), ExpressRoute (provides connections up to 10 Gbps to Azure services over a dedicated fibre connection), Azure Load Balancer, Network Peering, Azure Stack (Azure Stack allows organisations to use Azure services running in private data centers.), Azure Load Balancer , Azure Log Analytics, Azure DNS,
[Google]:Cloud Virtual Network, Subnets, Network Interface, Protocol fowarding, Cloud VPN, Cloud DNS, Virtual Private Network, Cloud Interconnect, CDN interconnect, Cloud DNS, Stackdriver, Google Cloud Load Balancing,
Tags:#VPC, #Subnets, #ACL, #VPNGateway, #CloudVPN, #NetworkInterface, #ENI, #RouteTables, #NSG, #NetworkACL, #InternetGateway, #NatGateway, #ExpressRoute, #CloudInterConnect, #StackDriver
Differences: Subnets group related resources, however, unlike AWS and Azure, Google do not constrain the private IP address ranges of subnets to the address space of the parent network. Like Azure, Google has a built in internet gateway that can be specified from routing rules.
24
Category: Management
Description: A unified management console that simplifies building, deploying, and operating your cloud resources.
References:
[AWS]: AWS Management Console, Trusted Advisor, AWS Usage and Billing Report, AWS Application Discovery Service, Amazon EC2 Systems Manager, AWS Personal Health Dashboard, AWS Compute Optimizer (Identify optimal AWS Compute resources)
[Azure]:Azure portal, Azure Advisor, Azure Billing API, Azure Migrate, Azure Monitor, Azure Resource Health
[Google]:Google CLoud Platform, Cost Management, Security Command Center, StackDriver
Tags: #AWSConsole, #AzurePortal, #GoogleCloudConsole, #TrustedAdvisor, #AzureMonitor, #SecurityCommandCenter
Differences: AWS Console categorizes its Infrastructure as a Service offerings into Compute, Storage and Content Delivery Network (CDN), Database, and Networking to help businesses and individuals grow. Azure excels in the Hybrid Cloud space allowing companies to integrate onsite servers with cloud offerings. Google has a strong offering in containers, since Google developed the Kubernetes standard that AWS and Azure now offer. GCP specializes in high compute offerings like Big Data, analytics and machine learning. It also offers considerable scale and load balancing – Google knows data centers and fast response time.
25
Category: DevOps and application monitoring
Description: Comprehensive solution for collecting, analyzing, and acting on telemetry from your cloud and on-premises environments; Cloud services for collaborating on code development; Collection of tools for building, debugging, deploying, diagnosing, and managing multiplatform scalable apps and services; Fully managed build service that supports continuous integration and deployment.
References:
[AWS]:AWS CodePipeline(orchestrates workflow for continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment), AWS CloudWatch (monitor your AWS resources and the applications you run on AWS in real time. ), AWS X-Ray (application performance management service that enables a developer to analyze and debug applications in aws), AWS CodeDeploy (automates code deployments to Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and on-premises servers. ), AWS CodeCommit ( source code storage and version-control service), AWS Developer Tools, AWS CodeBuild (continuous integration service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces software packages that are ready to deploy. ), AWS Command Line Interface (unified tool to manage your AWS services), AWS OpsWorks (Chef-based), AWS CloudFormation ( provides a common language for you to describe and provision all the infrastructure resources in your cloud environment.), Amazon CodeGuru (for automated code reviews and application performance recommendations)
[Azure]:Azure Monitor, Azure DevOps, Azure Developer Tools, Azure CLI Azure PowerShell, Azure Automation, Azure Resource Manager , VM extensions , Azure Automation
[Google]:DevOps Solutions (Infrastructure as code, Configuration management, Secrets management, Serverless computing, Continuous delivery, Continuous integration , Stackdriver (combines metrics, logs, and metadata from all of your cloud accounts and projects into a single comprehensive view of your environment)
Tags: #CloudWatch, #StackDriver, #AzureMonitor, #AWSXray, #AWSCodeDeploy, #AzureDevOps, #GoogleDevopsSolutions
Differences: CodeCommit eliminates the need to operate your own source control system or worry about scaling its infrastructure. Azure DevOps provides unlimited private Git hosting, cloud build for continuous integration, agile planning, and release management for continuous delivery to the cloud and on-premises. Includes broad IDE support.
SageMaker | Azure Machine Learning Studio
A collaborative, drag-and-drop tool to build, test, and deploy predictive analytics solutions on your data.
Alexa Skills Kit | Microsoft Bot Framework
Build and connect intelligent bots that interact with your users using text/SMS, Skype, Teams, Slack, Office 365 mail, Twitter, and other popular services.
API capable of converting speech to text, understanding intent, and converting text back to speech for natural responsiveness.
Amazon Lex | Language Understanding (LUIS)
Allows your applications to understand user commands contextually.
Amazon Polly, Amazon Transcribe | Azure Speech Services
Enables both Speech to Text, and Text into Speech capabilities.
The Speech Services are the unification of speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and speech-translation into a single Azure subscription. It’s easy to speech enable your applications, tools, and devices with the Speech SDK, Speech Devices SDK, or REST APIs.
Amazon Polly is a Text-to-Speech (TTS) service that uses advanced deep learning technologies to synthesize speech that sounds like a human voice. With dozens of lifelike voices across a variety of languages, you can select the ideal voice and build speech-enabled applications that work in many different countries.
Amazon Transcribe is an automatic speech recognition (ASR) service that makes it easy for developers to add speech-to-text capability to their applications. Using the Amazon Transcribe API, you can analyze audio files stored in Amazon S3 and have the service return a text file of the transcribed speech.
Amazon Rekognition | Cognitive Services
Computer Vision: Extract information from images to categorize and process visual data.
Amazon Rekognition is a simple and easy to use API that can quickly analyze any image or video file stored in Amazon S3. Amazon Rekognition is always learning from new data, and we are continually adding new labels and facial recognition features to the service.
Face: Detect, identy, and analyze faces in photos.
Emotions: Recognize emotions in images.
Alexa Skill Set | Azure Virtual Assistant
The Virtual Assistant Template brings together a number of best practices we’ve identified through the building of conversational experiences and automates integration of components that we’ve found to be highly beneficial to Bot Framework developers.
Big data and analytics
Data warehouse
AWS Redshift | SQL Data Warehouse
Cloud-based Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) that uses Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) to quickly run complex queries across petabytes of data.
Big data processing EMR | Azure Databricks
Apache Spark-based analytics platform.
Managed Hadoop service. Deploy and manage Hadoop clusters in Azure.
Data orchestration / ETL
AWS Data Pipeline, AWS Glue | Data Factory
Processes and moves data between different compute and storage services, as well as on-premises data sources at specified intervals. Create, schedule, orchestrate, and manage data pipelines.
A fully managed service that serves as a system of registration and system of discovery for enterprise data sources
Analytics and visualization
AWS Kinesis Analytics | Stream Analytics
Data Lake Analytics | Data Lake Store
Storage and analysis platforms that create insights from large quantities of data, or data that originates from many sources.
Business intelligence tools that build visualizations, perform ad hoc analysis, and develop business insights from data.
Delivers full-text search and related search analytics and capabilities.
Amazon Athena | Azure Data Lake Analytics
Provides a serverless interactive query service that uses standard SQL for analyzing databases.
Compute
Virtual servers
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) | Azure Virtual Machines
Virtual servers allow users to deploy, manage, and maintain OS and server software. Instance types provide combinations of CPU/RAM. Users pay for what they use with the flexibility to change sizes.
Run large-scale parallel and high-performance computing applications efficiently in the cloud.
AWS Auto Scaling | Virtual Machine Scale Sets
Allows you to automatically change the number of VM instances. You set defined metric and thresholds that determine if the platform adds or removes instances.
VMware Cloud on AWS | Azure VMware by CloudSimple
Redeploy and extend your VMware-based enterprise workloads to Azure with Azure VMware Solution by CloudSimple. Keep using the VMware tools you already know to manage workloads on Azure without disrupting network, security, or data protection policies.
Containers and container orchestrators
EC2 Container Service (ECS), Fargate | Azure Container Instances
Azure Container Instances is the fastest and simplest way to run a container in Azure, without having to provision any virtual machines or adopt a higher-level orchestration service.
EC2 Container Registry | Azure Container Registry
Allows customers to store Docker formatted images. Used to create all types of container deployments on Azure.
Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (EKS) | Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)
Deploy orchestrated containerized applications with Kubernetes. Simplify monitoring and cluster management through auto upgrades and a built-in operations console.
App Mesh | Service Fabric Mesh
Fully managed service that enables developers to deploy microservices applications without managing virtual machines, storage, or networking.
AWS App Mesh is a service mesh that provides application-level networking to make it easy for your services to communicate with each other across multiple types of compute infrastructure. App Mesh standardizes how your services communicate, giving you end-to-end visibility and ensuring high-availability for your applications.
Serverless
Integrate systems and run backend processes in response to events or schedules without provisioning or managing servers.
AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless computing platform provided by Amazon as a part of the Amazon Web Services. It is a computing service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the computing resources required by that code
Database
Relational database
AWS RDS | SQL Database Azure Database for MySQL Azure Database for PostgreSQL
Managed relational database service where resiliency, scale, and maintenance are primarily handled by the platform.
Amazon Relational Database Service is a distributed relational database service by Amazon Web Services. It is a web service running “in the cloud” designed to simplify the setup, operation, and scaling of a relational database for use in applications. Administration processes like patching the database software, backing up databases and enabling point-in-time recovery are managed automatically. Scaling storage and compute resources can be performed by a single API call as AWS does not offer an ssh connection to RDS instances.
NoSQL / Document
DynamoDB and SimpleDB | Azure Cosmos DB
A globally distributed, multi-model database that natively supports multiple data models: key-value, documents, graphs, and columnar.
Caching
AWS ElastiCache | Azure Cache for Redis
An in-memory–based, distributed caching service that provides a high-performance store typically used to offload non transactional work from a database.
Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store and cache service by Amazon Web Services. The service improves the performance of web applications by retrieving information from managed in-memory caches, instead of relying entirely on slower disk-based databases. ElastiCache supports two open-source in-memory caching engines: Memcached and Redis.
Database migration
AWS Database Migration Service | Azure Database Migration Service
Migration of database schema and data from one database format to a specific database technology in the cloud.
AWS Database Migration Service helps you migrate databases to AWS quickly and securely. The source database remains fully operational during the migration, minimizing downtime to applications that rely on the database. The AWS Database Migration Service can migrate your data to and from most widely used commercial and open-source databases.
DevOps and application monitoring
AWS CloudWatch, AWS X-Ray | Azure Monitor
Comprehensive solution for collecting, analyzing, and acting on telemetry from your cloud and on-premises environments.
Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service built for DevOps engineers, developers, site reliability engineers (SREs), and IT managers. CloudWatch provides you with data and actionable insights to monitor your applications, respond to system-wide performance changes, optimize resource utilization, and get a unified view of operational health. CloudWatch collects monitoring and operational data in the form of logs, metrics, and events, providing you with a unified view of AWS resources, applications, and services that run on AWS and on-premises servers.
AWS X-Ray is an application performance management service that enables a developer to analyze and debug applications in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud. A developer can use AWS X-Ray to visualize how a distributed application is performing during development or production, and across multiple AWS regions and accounts.
AWS CodeDeploy, AWS CodeCommit, AWS CodePipeline | Azure DevOps
A cloud service for collaborating on code development.
AWS CodeDeploy is a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services such as Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, AWS Lambda, and your on-premises servers. AWS CodeDeploy makes it easier for you to rapidly release new features, helps you avoid downtime during application deployment, and handles the complexity of updating your applications.
AWS CodePipeline is a fully managed continuous delivery service that helps you automate your release pipelines for fast and reliable application and infrastructure updates. CodePipeline automates the build, test, and deploy phases of your release process every time there is a code change, based on the release model you define.
AWS CodeCommit is a source code storage and version-control service for Amazon Web Services’ public cloud customers. CodeCommit was designed to help IT teams collaborate on software development, including continuous integration and application delivery.
AWS Developer Tools | Azure Developer Tools
Collection of tools for building, debugging, deploying, diagnosing, and managing multiplatform scalable apps and services.
The AWS Developer Tools are designed to help you build software like Amazon. They facilitate practices such as continuous delivery and infrastructure as code for serverless, containers, and Amazon EC2.
AWS CodeBuild | Azure DevOps
Fully managed build service that supports continuous integration and deployment.
AWS Command Line Interface | Azure CLI Azure PowerShell
Built on top of the native REST API across all cloud services, various programming language-specific wrappers provide easier ways to create solutions.
The AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a unified tool to manage your AWS services. With just one tool to download and configure, you can control multiple AWS services from the command line and automate them through scripts.
AWS OpsWorks (Chef-based) | Azure Automation
Configures and operates applications of all shapes and sizes, and provides templates to create and manage a collection of resources.
AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that provides managed instances of Chef and Puppet. Chef and Puppet are automation platforms that allow you to use code to automate the configurations of your servers.
AWS CloudFormation | Azure Resource Manager , VM extensions , Azure Automation
Provides a way for users to automate the manual, long-running, error-prone, and frequently repeated IT tasks.
AWS CloudFormation provides a common language for you to describe and provision all the infrastructure resources in your cloud environment. CloudFormation allows you to use a simple text file to model and provision, in an automated and secure manner, all the resources needed for your applications across all regions and accounts.
Networking
Area
Cloud virtual networking, Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) | Virtual Network
Provides an isolated, private environment in the cloud. Users have control over their virtual networking environment, including selection of their own IP address range, creation of subnets, and configuration of route tables and network gateways.
Cross-premises connectivity
AWS VPN Gateway | Azure VPN Gateway
Connects Azure virtual networks to other Azure virtual networks, or customer on-premises networks (Site To Site). Allows end users to connect to Azure services through VPN tunneling (Point To Site).
DNS management
AWS Route 53 | Azure DNS
Manage your DNS records using the same credentials and billing and support contract as your other Azure services
Route 53 | Traffic Manager
A service that hosts domain names, plus routes users to Internet applications, connects user requests to datacenters, manages traffic to apps, and improves app availability with automatic failover.
Dedicated network
AWS Direct Connect | ExpressRoute
Establishes a dedicated, private network connection from a location to the cloud provider (not over the Internet).
Load balancing
AWS Network Load Balancer | Azure Load Balancer
Azure Load Balancer load-balances traffic at layer 4 (TCP or UDP).
Application Load Balancer | Application Gateway
Application Gateway is a layer 7 load balancer. It supports SSL termination, cookie-based session affinity, and round robin for load-balancing traffic.
Internet of things (IoT)
AWS IoT | Azure IoT Hub
A cloud gateway for managing bidirectional communication with billions of IoT devices, securely and at scale.
AWS Greengrass | Azure IoT Edge
Deploy cloud intelligence directly on IoT devices to run in on-premises scenarios.
Kinesis Firehose, Kinesis Streams | Event Hubs
Services that allow the mass ingestion of small data inputs, typically from devices and sensors, to process and route the data.
AWS IoT Things Graph | Azure Digital Twins
Azure Digital Twins is an IoT service that helps you create comprehensive models of physical environments. Create spatial intelligence graphs to model the relationships and interactions between people, places, and devices. Query data from a physical space rather than disparate sensors.
Management
Trusted Advisor | Azure Advisor
Provides analysis of cloud resource configuration and security so subscribers can ensure they’re making use of best practices and optimum configurations.
AWS Usage and Billing Report | Azure Billing API
Services to help generate, monitor, forecast, and share billing data for resource usage by time, organization, or product resources.
AWS Management Console | Azure portal
A unified management console that simplifies building, deploying, and operating your cloud resources.
AWS Application Discovery Service | Azure Migrate
Assesses on-premises workloads for migration to Azure, performs performance-based sizing, and provides cost estimations.
Amazon EC2 Systems Manager | Azure Monitor
Comprehensive solution for collecting, analyzing, and acting on telemetry from your cloud and on-premises environments.
AWS Personal Health Dashboard | Azure Resource Health
Provides detailed information about the health of resources as well as recommended actions for maintaining resource health.
Security, identity, and access
Authentication and authorization
Identity and Access Management (IAM) | Azure Active Directory
Allows users to securely control access to services and resources while offering data security and protection. Create and manage users and groups, and use permissions to allow and deny access to resources.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) | Azure Role Based Access Control
Role-based access control (RBAC) helps you manage who has access to Azure resources, what they can do with those resources, and what areas they have access to.
AWS Organizations | Azure Subscription Management + Azure RBAC
Security policy and role management for working with multiple accounts.
Multi-Factor Authentication | Multi-Factor Authentication
Safeguard access to data and applications while meeting user demand for a simple sign-in process.
AWS Directory Service | Azure Active Directory Domain Services
Provides managed domain services such as domain join, group policy, LDAP, and Kerberos/NTLM authentication that are fully compatible with Windows Server Active Directory.
Cognito | Azure Active Directory B2C
A highly available, global, identity management service for consumer-facing applications that scales to hundreds of millions of identities.
AWS Organizations | Azure Policy
Azure Policy is a service in Azure that you use to create, assign, and manage policies. These policies enforce different rules and effects over your resources, so those resources stay compliant with your corporate standards and service level agreements.
AWS Organizations | Management Groups
Azure management groups provide a level of scope above subscriptions. You organize subscriptions into containers called “management groups” and apply your governance conditions to the management groups. All subscriptions within a management group automatically inherit the conditions applied to the management group. Management groups give you enterprise-grade management at a large scale, no matter what type of subscriptions you have.
Encryption
Server-side encryption with Amazon S3 Key Management Service | Azure Storage Service Encryption
Helps you protect and safeguard your data and meet your organizational security and compliance commitments.
Key Management Service AWS KMS, CloudHSM | Key Vault
Provides security solution and works with other services by providing a way to manage, create, and control encryption keys stored in hardware security modules (HSM).
Firewall
Web Application Firewall | Application Gateway – Web Application Firewall
A firewall that protects web applications from common web exploits.
Web Application Firewall | Azure Firewall
Provides inbound protection for non-HTTP/S protocols, outbound network-level protection for all ports and protocols, and application-level protection for outbound HTTP/S.
Security
Inspector | Security Center
An automated security assessment service that improves the security and compliance of applications. Automatically assess applications for vulnerabilities or deviations from best practices.
Certificate Manager | App Service Certificates available on the Portal
Service that allows customers to create, manage, and consume certificates seamlessly in the cloud.
GuardDuty | Azure Advanced Threat Protection
Detect and investigate advanced attacks on-premises and in the cloud.
AWS Artifact | Service Trust Portal
Provides access to audit reports, compliance guides, and trust documents from across cloud services.
AWS Shield | Azure DDos Protection Service
Provides cloud services with protection from distributed denial of services (DDoS) attacks.
Storage
Object storage
Simple Storage Services (S3) | Azure Blob storage
Object storage service, for use cases including cloud applications, content distribution, backup, archiving, disaster recovery, and big data analytics.
Virtual server disks
Elastic Block Store (EBS) | Azure managed disks
SSD storage optimized for I/O intensive read/write operations. For use as high-performance Azure virtual machine storage.
Shared files
Elastic File System | Azure Files
Provides a simple interface to create and configure file systems quickly, and share common files. Can be used with traditional protocols that access files over a network.
Archiving and backup
S3 Infrequent Access (IA) | Azure Storage cool tier
Cool storage is a lower-cost tier for storing data that is infrequently accessed and long-lived.
S3 Glacier | Azure Storage archive access tier
Archive storage has the lowest storage cost and higher data retrieval costs compared to hot and cool storage.
AWS Backup | Azure Backup
Back up and recover files and folders from the cloud, and provide offsite protection against data loss.
Hybrid storage
Storage Gateway | StorSimple
Integrates on-premises IT environments with cloud storage. Automates data management and storage, plus supports disaster recovery.
Bulk data transfer
AWS Import/Export Disk | Import/Export
A data transport solution that uses secure disks and appliances to transfer large amounts of data. Also offers data protection during transit.
AWS Import/Export Snowball, Snowball Edge, Snowmobile | Azure Data Box
Petabyte- to exabyte-scale data transport solution that uses secure data storage devices to transfer large amounts of data to and from Azure.
Web applications
Elastic Beanstalk | App Service
Managed hosting platform providing easy to use services for deploying and scaling web applications and services.
API Gateway | API Management
A turnkey solution for publishing APIs to external and internal consumers.
CloudFront | Azure Content Delivery Network
A global content delivery network that delivers audio, video, applications, images, and other files.
Global Accelerator | Azure Front Door
Easily join your distributed microservice architectures into a single global application using HTTP load balancing and path-based routing rules. Automate turning up new regions and scale-out with API-driven global actions, and independent fault-tolerance to your back end microservices in Azure—or anywhere.
Miscellaneous
Backend process logic
AWS Step Functions | Logic Apps
Cloud technology to build distributed applications using out-of-the-box connectors to reduce integration challenges. Connect apps, data and devices on-premises or in the cloud.
Enterprise application services
Amazon WorkMail, Amazon WorkDocs | Office 365
Fully integrated Cloud service providing communications, email, document management in the cloud and available on a wide variety of devices.
Gaming
GameLift, GameSparks | PlayFab
Managed services for hosting dedicated game servers.
Media transcoding
Elastic Transcoder | Media Services
Services that offer broadcast-quality video streaming services, including various transcoding technologies.
Workflow
Simple Workflow Service (SWF) | Logic Apps
Serverless technology for connecting apps, data and devices anywhere, whether on-premises or in the cloud for large ecosystems of SaaS and cloud-based connectors.
Hybrid
Outposts | Azure Stack
Azure Stack is a hybrid cloud platform that enables you to run Azure services in your company’s or service provider’s datacenter. As a developer, you can build apps on Azure Stack. You can then deploy them to either Azure Stack or Azure, or you can build truly hybrid apps that take advantage of connectivity between an Azure Stack cloud and Azure.
How does a business decide between Microsoft Azure or AWS?
Basically, it all comes down to what your organizational needs are and if there’s a particular area that’s especially important to your business (ex. serverless, or integration with Microsoft applications).
Some of the main things it comes down to is compute options, pricing, and purchasing options.
Here’s a brief comparison of the compute option features across cloud providers:
Here’s an example of a few instances’ costs (all are Linux OS):
Each provider offers a variety of options to lower costs from the listed On-Demand prices. These can fall under reservations, spot and preemptible instances and contracts.
Both AWS and Azure offer a way for customers to purchase compute capacity in advance in exchange for a discount: AWS Reserved Instances and Azure Reserved Virtual Machine Instances. There are a few interesting variations between the instances across the cloud providers which could affect which is more appealing to a business.
Another discounting mechanism is the idea of spot instances in AWS and low-priority VMs in Azure. These options allow users to purchase unused capacity for a steep discount.
With AWS and Azure, enterprise contracts are available. These are typically aimed at enterprise customers, and encourage large companies to commit to specific levels of usage and spend in exchange for an across-the-board discount – for example, AWS EDPs and Azure Enterprise Agreements.
You can read more about the differences between AWS and Azure to help decide which your business should use in this blog post
Source: AWS to Azure services comparison – Azure Architecture
AWS Certification Preparation: AWS Ec2 Facts, Faqs and Summaries, Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump


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AWS Certification Preparation: AWS Ec2 Facts, Faqs and Summaries, Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump
AWS Ec2 Facts and summaries, AWS Ec2 Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump
Definition 1: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale cloud computing easier for developers.
Definition 2: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) forms a central part of Amazon.com’s cloud-computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS), by allowing users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications.
AWS Ec2 Facts and summaries
- Can users SSH to EC2 instances using their AWS user name and password?
No. User security credentials created with IAM are not supported for direct authentication to customer EC2 instances. Managing EC2 SSH credentials is the customer’s responsibility within the EC2 console.
- Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.
What is the difference between using the local instance store and Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for the root device?
When you launch your Amazon EC2 instances you have the ability to store your root device data on Amazon EBS or the local instance store. By using Amazon EBS, data on the root device will persist independently from the lifetime of the instance. This enables you to stop and restart the instance at a subsequent time, which is similar to shutting down your laptop and restarting it when you need it again.
Alternatively, the local instance store only persists during the life of the instance. This is an inexpensive way to launch instances where data is not stored to the root device. For example, some customers use this option to run large web sites where each instance is a clone to handle web traffic.
How many instances can I run in Amazon EC2?
You are limited to running up to a total of 20 On-Demand instances across the instance family, purchasing 20 Reserved Instances, and requesting Spot Instances per your dynamic Spot limit per region.
How quickly can I scale my capacity both up and down?
Amazon EC2 provides a truly elastic computing environment. Amazon EC2 enables you to increase or decrease capacity within minutes, not hours or days. You can commission one, hundreds or even thousands of server instances simultaneously. When you need more instances, you simply call RunInstances, and Amazon EC2 will typically set up your new instances in a matter of minutes. Of course, because this is all controlled with web service APIs, your application can automatically scale itself up and down depending on its needs.
- When dealing with session state in EC2-based applications using Elastic load balancers which option is generally thought of as the best practice for managing user sessions?
Having the ELB distribute traffic to all EC2 instances and then having the instance check a caching solution like ElastiCache running Redis or Memcached for session information
- What is one key difference between an Amazon EBS-backed and an instance-store backed instance?
Amazon EBS-backed instances can be stopped and restarted without losing data
- How is the AWS Ec2 service different than a plain hosting service?
Traditional hosting services generally provide a pre-configured resource for a fixed amount of time and at a predetermined cost. Amazon EC2 differs fundamentally in the flexibility, control and significant cost savings it offers developers, allowing them to treat Amazon EC2 as their own personal data center with the benefit of Amazon.com’s robust infrastructure.
When computing requirements unexpectedly change (up or down), Amazon EC2 can instantly respond, meaning that developers have the ability to control how many resources are in use at any given point in time. In contrast, traditional hosting services generally provide a fixed number of resources for a fixed amount of time, meaning that users have a limited ability to easily respond when their usage is rapidly changing, unpredictable, or is known to experience large peaks at various intervals.
Secondly, many hosting services don’t provide full control over the compute resources being provided. Using Amazon EC2, developers can choose not only to initiate or shut down instances at any time, they can completely customize the configuration of their instances to suit their needs – and change it at any time. Most hosting services cater more towards groups of users with similar system requirements, and so offer limited ability to change these.
Finally, with Amazon EC2 developers enjoy the benefit of paying only for their actual resource consumption – and at very low rates. Most hosting services require users to pay a fixed, up-front fee irrespective of their actual computing power used, and so users risk overbuying resources to compensate for the inability to quickly scale up resources within a short time frame.
What load balancing options does the Elastic Load Balancing service offer?
Elastic Load Balancing offers two types of load balancers that both feature high availability, automatic scaling, and robust security. These include the Classic Load Balancer that routes traffic based on either application or network level information, and the Application Load Balancer that routes traffic based on advanced application level information that includes the content of the request.
When should I use the Classic Load Balancer and when should I use the Application Load Balancer?
The Classic Load Balancer is ideal for simple load balancing of traffic across multiple EC2 instances, while the Application Load Balancer is ideal for applications needing advanced routing capabilities, microservices, and container-based architectures. Please visit Elastic Load Balancing for more information.
Can I get a history of all EC2 API calls made on my account for security analysis and operational troubleshooting purposes?
Yes. To receive a history of all EC2 API calls (including VPC and EBS) made on your account, you simply turn on CloudTrail in the AWS Management Console. For more information, visit the CloudTrail home page.
How to get information about Ec2 instance type?
AWS EC2 Instance info- Can I access the metrics data for a terminated Amazon EC2 instance or a deleted Elastic Load Balancer?
Yes. Amazon CloudWatch stores metrics for terminated Amazon EC2 instances or deleted Elastic Load Balancers for 2 weeks.
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Reference: AWS Ec2 Faqs
AWS Ec2 Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump
Q0:
When dealing with session state in EC2-based applications using Elastic load balancers which option is generally thought of as the best practice for managing user sessions?
- A. Having the ELB distribute traffic to all EC2 instances and then having the instance check a caching solution like ElastiCache running Redis or Memcached for session information
- B. Permanently assigning users to specific instances and always routing their traffic to those instances
- C. Using Application-generated cookies to tie a user session to a particular instance for the cookie duration
- D. Using Elastic Load Balancer generated cookies to tie a user session to a particular instance
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Q2: You are attempting to SSH into an EC2 instance that is located in a public subnet. However, you are currently receiving a timeout error trying to connect. What could be a possible cause of this connection issue?
- A. The security group associated with the EC2 instance has an inbound rule that allows SSH traffic, but does not have an outbound rule that allows SSH traffic.
- B. The security group associated with the EC2 instance has an inbound rule that allows SSH traffic AND has an outbound rule that explicitly denies SSH traffic.
- C. The security group associated with the EC2 instance has an inbound rule that allows SSH traffic AND the associated NACL has both an inbound and outbound rule that allows SSH traffic.
- D. The security group associated with the EC2 instance does not have an inbound rule that allows SSH traffic AND the associated NACL does not have an outbound rule that allows SSH traffic.
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Q3: Which API call would best be used to describe an Amazon Machine Image?
- A. ami-describe-image
- B. ami-describe-images
- C. DescribeImage
- D. DescribeImages
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Q4: What is one key difference between an Amazon EBS-backed and an instance-store backed instance?
- A. Autoscaling requires using Amazon EBS-backed instances
- B. Virtual Private Cloud requires EBS backed instances
- C. Amazon EBS-backed instances can be stopped and restarted without losing data
- D. Instance-store backed instances can be stopped and restarted without losing data
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Q15: After having created a new Linux instance on Amazon EC2, and downloaded the .pem file (called Toto.pem) you try and SSH into your IP address (54.1.132.33) using the following command.
ssh -i my_key.pem ec2-user@52.2.222.22
However you receive the following error.
@@@@@@@@ WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
What is the most probable reason for this and how can you fix it?
- A. You do not have root access on your terminal and need to use the sudo option for this to work.
- B. You do not have enough permissions to perform the operation.
- C. Your key file is encrypted. You need to use the -u option for unencrypted not the -i option.
- D. Your key file must not be publicly viewable for SSH to work. You need to modify your .pem file to limit permissions.
Q5: You have an EBS root device on /dev/sda1 on one of your EC2 instances. You are having trouble with this particular instance and you need to either Stop/Start, Reboot or Terminate the instance but you do NOT want to lose any data that you have stored on /dev/sda1. However, you are unsure if changing the instance state in any of the aforementioned ways will cause you to lose data stored on the EBS volume. Which of the below statements best describes the effect each change of instance state would have on the data you have stored on /dev/sda1?
- A. Whether you stop/start, reboot or terminate the instance it does not matter because data on an EBS volume is not ephemeral and the data will not be lost regardless of what method is used.
- B. If you stop/start the instance the data will not be lost. However if you either terminate or reboot the instance the data will be lost.
- C. Whether you stop/start, reboot or terminate the instance it does not matter because data on an EBS volume is ephemeral and it will be lost no matter what method is used.
- D. The data will be lost if you terminate the instance, however the data will remain on /dev/sda1 if you reboot or stop/start the instance because data on an EBS volume is not ephemeral.
Q6: EC2 instances are launched from Amazon Machine Images (AMIs). A given public AMI:
- A. Can only be used to launch EC2 instances in the same AWS availability zone as the AMI is stored
- B. Can only be used to launch EC2 instances in the same country as the AMI is stored
- C. Can only be used to launch EC2 instances in the same AWS region as the AMI is stored
- D. Can be used to launch EC2 instances in any AWS region
Q7: Which of the following statements is true about the Elastic File System (EFS)?
- A. EFS can scale out to meet capacity requirements and scale back down when no longer needed
- B. EFS can be used by multiple EC2 instances simultaneously
- C. EFS cannot be used by an instance using EBS
- D. EFS can be configured on an instance before launch just like an IAM role or EBS volumes
Q8: You are in charge of deploying an application that will be hosted on an EC2 Instance and sit behind an Elastic Load balancer. You have been requested to monitor the incoming connections to the Elastic Load Balancer. Which of the below options can suffice this requirement?
- A. Use AWS CloudTrail with your load balancer
- B. Enable access logs on the load balancer
- C. Use a CloudWatch Logs Agent
- D. Create a custom metric CloudWatch lter on your load balancer
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Q9: When deploying application code to EC2, the AppSpec file can be written in which language?
- A. JSON
- B. JSON or YAML
- C. XML
- D. YAML
Q9:
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
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Q10:
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
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Other AWS Facts and Summaries and Questions/Answers Dump
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AWS Certification Exam Prep: DynamoDB Facts, Summaries and Questions/Answers.


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AWS Certification Exam Prep: DynamoDB facts and summaries, AWS DynamoDB Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump
Definition 1: Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed proprietary NoSQL database service that supports key-value and document data structures and is offered by Amazon.com as part of the Amazon Web Services portfolio. DynamoDB exposes a similar data model to and derives its name from Dynamo, but has a different underlying implementation. Dynamo had a multi-master design requiring the client to resolve version conflicts and DynamoDB uses synchronous replication across multiple datacenters for high durability and availability.
Definition 2: DynamoDB is a fast and flexible non-relational database service for any scale. DynamoDB enables customers to offload the administrative burdens of operating and scaling distributed databases to AWS so that they don’t have to worry about hardware provisioning, setup and configuration, throughput capacity planning, replication, software patching, or cluster scaling.
Amazon DynamoDB explained
- Fully Managed
- Fast, consistent Performance
- Fine-grained access control
- Flexible
AWS DynamoDB Facts and Summaries
- Amazon DynamoDB is a low-latency NoSQL database.
- DynamoDB consists of Tables, Items, and Attributes
- DynamoDb supports both document and key-value data models
- DynamoDB Supported documents formats are JSON, HTML, XML
- DynamoDB has 2 types of Primary Keys: Partition Key and combination of Partition Key + Sort Key (Composite Key)
- DynamoDB has 2 consistency models: Strongly Consistent / Eventually Consistent
- DynamoDB Access is controlled using IAM policies.
- DynamoDB has fine grained access control using IAM Condition parameter dynamodb:LeadingKeys to allow users to access only the items where the partition key vakue matches their user ID.
- DynamoDB Indexes enable fast queries on specific data columns
- DynamoDB indexes give you a different view of your data based on alternative Partition / Sort Keys.
- DynamoDB Local Secondary indexes must be created when you create your table, they have same partition Key as your table, and they have a different Sort Key.
- DynamoDB Global Secondary Index Can be created at any time: at table creation or after. They have a different partition Key as your table and a different sort key as your table.
- A DynamoDB query operation finds items in a table using only the primary Key attribute: You provide the Primary Key name and a distinct value to search for.
- A DynamoDB Scan operation examines every item in the table. By default, it return data attributes.
- DynamoDB Query operation is generally more efficient than a Scan.
- With DynamoDB, you can reduce the impact of a query or scan by setting a smaller page size which uses fewer read operations.
- To optimize DynamoDB performance, isolate scan operations to specific tables and segregate them from your mission-critical traffic.
- To optimize DynamoDB performance, try Parallel scans rather than the default sequential scan.
- To optimize DynamoDB performance: Avoid using scan operations if you can: design tables in a way that you can use Query, Get, or BatchGetItems APIs.
- When you scan your table in Amazon DynamoDB, you should follow the DynamoDB best practices for avoiding sudden bursts of read activity.
- DynamoDb Provisioned Throughput is measured in Capacity Units.
- 1 Write Capacity Unit = 1 x 1KB Write per second.
- 1 Read Capacity Unit = 1 x 4KB Strongly Consistent Read Or 2 x 4KB Eventually Consistent Reads per second. Eventual consistent reads give us the maximum performance with the read operation.
- What is the maximum throughput that can be provisioned for a single DynamoDB table?
DynamoDB is designed to scale without limits. However, if you want to exceed throughput rates of 10,000 write capacity units or 10,000 read capacity units for an individual table, you must Contact AWS to increase it.
If you want to provision more than 20,000 write capacity units or 20,000 read capacity units from a single subscriber account, you must first contact AWS to request a limit increase. - Dynamo Db Performance: DAX is a DynamoDB-compatible caching service that enables you to benefit from fast in-memory performance for demanding applications.
- As an in-memory cache, DAX reduces the response times of eventually-consistent read workloads by an order of magnitude, from single-digit milliseconds to microseconds
- DAX improves response times for Eventually Consistent reads only.
- With DAX, you point your API calls to the DAX cluster instead of your table.
- If the item you are querying is on the cache, DAX will return it; otherwise, it will perform and Eventually Consistent GetItem operation to your DynamoDB table.
- DAX reduces operational and application complexity by providing a managed service that is API compatible with Amazon DynamoDB, and thus requires only minimal functional changes to use with an existing application.
- DAX is not suitable for write-intensive applications or applications that require Strongly Consistent reads.
- For read-heavy or bursty workloads, DAX provides increased throughput and potential operational cost savings by reducing the need to over-provision read capacity units. This is especially beneficial for applications that require repeated reads for individual keys.
- Dynamo Db Performance: ElastiCache
- In-memory cache sits between your application and database
- 2 different caching strategies: Lazy loading and Write Through: Lazy loading only caches the data when it is requested
- Elasticache Node failures are not fatal, just lots of cache misses
- Avoid stale data by implementing a TTL.
- Write-Through strategy writes data into cache whenever there is a change to the database. Data is never stale
- Write-Through penalty: Each write involves a write to the cache. Elasticache node failure means that data is missing until added or updated in the database.
- Elasticache is wasted resources if most of the data is never used.
- Time To Live (TTL) for DynamoDB allows you to define when items in a table expire so that they can be automatically deleted from the database. TTL is provided at no extra cost as a way to reduce storage usage and reduce the cost of storing irrelevant data without using provisioned throughput. With TTL enabled on a table, you can set a timestamp for deletion on a per-item basis, allowing you to limit storage usage to only those records that are relevant.
- DynamoDB Security: DynamoDB uses the CMK to generate and encrypt a unique data key for the table, known as the table key. With DynamoDB, AWS Owned, or AWS Managed CMK can be used to generate & encrypt keys. AWS Owned CMK is free of charge while AWS Managed CMK is chargeable. Customer managed CMK’s are not supported with encryption at rest.
- Amazon DynamoDB offers fully managed encryption at rest. DynamoDB encryption at rest provides enhanced security by encrypting your data at rest using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) managed encryption key for DynamoDB. This functionality eliminates the operational burden and complexity involved in protecting sensitive data.
- DynamoDB is a alternative solution which can be used for storage of session management. The latency of access to data is less , hence this can be used as a data store for session management
- DynamoDB Streams Use Cases and Design Patterns:
How do you set up a relationship across multiple tables in which, based on the value of an item from one table, you update the item in a second table?
How do you trigger an event based on a particular transaction?
How do you audit or archive transactions?
How do you replicate data across multiple tables (similar to that of materialized views/streams/replication in relational data stores)?
As a NoSQL database, DynamoDB is not designed to support transactions. Although client-side libraries are available to mimic the transaction capabilities, they are not scalable and cost-effective. For example, the Java Transaction Library for DynamoDB creates 7N+4 additional writes for every write operation. This is partly because the library holds metadata to manage the transactions to ensure that it’s consistent and can be rolled back before commit.You can use DynamoDB Streams to address all these use cases. DynamoDB Streams is a powerful service that you can combine with other AWS services to solve many similar problems. When enabled, DynamoDB Streams captures a time-ordered sequence of item-level modifications in a DynamoDB table and durably stores the information for up to 24 hours. Applications can access a series of stream records, which contain an item change, from a DynamoDB stream in near real time.
AWS maintains separate endpoints for DynamoDB and DynamoDB Streams. To work with database tables and indexes, your application must access a DynamoDB endpoint. To read and process DynamoDB Streams records, your application must access a DynamoDB Streams endpoint in the same Region
- 20 global secondary indexes are allowed per table? (by default)
- What is one key difference between a global secondary index and a local secondary index?
A local secondary index must have the same partition key as the main table - How many tables can an AWS account have per region? 256
- How many secondary indexes (global and local combined) are allowed per table? (by default): 25
You can define up to 5 local secondary indexes and 20 global secondary indexes per table (by default) – for a total of 25. - How can you increase your DynamoDB table limit in a region?
By contacting AWS and requesting a limit increase - For any AWS account, there is an initial limit of 256 tables per region.
- The minimum length of a partition key value is 1 byte. The maximum length is 2048 bytes.
- The minimum length of a sort key value is 1 byte. The maximum length is 1024 bytes.
- For tables with local secondary indexes, there is a 10 GB size limit per partition key value. A table with local secondary indexes can store any number of items, as long as the total size for any one partition key value does not exceed 10 GB.
- The following diagram shows a local secondary index named LastPostIndex. Note that the partition key is the same as that of the Thread table, but the sort key is LastPostDateTime.
- Relational vs Non Relational (SQL vs NoSQL)
Top
Reference: AWS DynamoDB
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AWS DynamoDB Questions and Answers Dumps
Q0: What should the Developer enable on the DynamoDB table to optimize performance and minimize costs?
- A. Amazon DynamoDB auto scaling
- B. Amazon DynamoDB cross-region replication
- C. Amazon DynamoDB Streams
- D. Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator
Top
Q2: A security system monitors 600 cameras, saving image metadata every 1 minute to an Amazon DynamoDb table. Each sample involves 1kb of data, and the data writes are evenly distributed over time. How much write throughput is required for the target table?
- A. 6000
- B. 10
- C. 3600
- D. 600
Q3: You are developing an application that will interact with a DynamoDB table. The table is going to take in a lot of read and write operations. Which of the following would be the ideal partition key for the DynamoDB table to ensure ideal performance?
- A. CustomerID
- B. CustomerName
- C. Location
- D. Age
Top
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Q4: A DynamoDB table is set with a Read Throughput capacity of 5 RCU. Which of the following read configuration will provide us the maximum read throughput?
- A. Read capacity set to 5 for 4KB reads of data at strong consistency
- B. Read capacity set to 5 for 4KB reads of data at eventual consistency
- C. Read capacity set to 15 for 1KB reads of data at strong consistency
- D. Read capacity set to 5 for 1KB reads of data at eventual consistency
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Q5: Your team is developing a solution that will make use of DynamoDB tables. Due to the nature of the application, the data is needed across a couple of regions across the world. Which of the following would help reduce the latency of requests to DynamoDB from different regions?
- A. Enable Multi-AZ for the DynamoDB table
- B. Enable global tables for DynamoDB
- C. Enable Indexes for the table
- D. Increase the read and write throughput for the tablez
Q6: An application is currently accessing a DynamoDB table. Currently the tables queries are performing well. Changes have been made to the application and now the performance of the application is starting to degrade. After looking at the changes , you see that the queries are making use of an attribute which is not the partition key? Which of the following would be the adequate change to make to resolve the issue?
- A. Add an index for the DynamoDB table
- B. Change all the queries to ensure they use the partition key
- C. Enable global tables for DynamoDB
- D. Change the read capacity on the table
Q7: Company B has created an e-commerce site using DynamoDB and is designing a products table that includes items purchased and the users who purchased the item.
When creating a primary key on a table which of the following would be the best attribute for the partition key? Select the BEST possible answer.
- A. None of these are correct.
- B. user_id where there are many users to few products
- C. category_id where there are few categories to many products
- D. product_id where there are few products to many users
Q8: Which API call can be used to retrieve up to 100 items at a time or 16 MB of data from a DynamoDB table?
- A. BatchItem
- B. GetItem
- C. BatchGetItem
- D. ChunkGetItem
Q9: Which DynamoDB limits can be raised by contacting AWS support?
- A. The number of hash keys per account
- B. The maximum storage used per account
- C. The number of tables per account
- D. The number of local secondary indexes per account
- E. The number of provisioned throughput units per account
Top
Q10: Which approach below provides the least impact to provisioned throughput on the “Product”
table?
- A. Create an “Images” DynamoDB table to store the Image with a foreign key constraint to
the “Product” table - B. Add an image data type to the “Product” table to store the images in binary format
- C. Serialize the image and store it in multiple DynamoDB tables
- D. Store the images in Amazon S3 and add an S3 URL pointer to the “Product” table item
for each image
Top
Q11: You’re creating a forum DynamoDB database for hosting forums. Your “thread” table contains the forum name and each “forum name” can have one or more “subjects”. What primary key type would you give the thread table in order to allow more than one subject to be tied to the forum primary key name?
- A. Hash
- B. Range and Hash
- C. Primary and Range
- D. Hash and Range
Amazon Aurora explained:
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- Multi Region
Amazon ElastiCache Explained
- In-Memory data store
- High availability and reliability
- Fully managed
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Amazon Redshift explained
- Fast, fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse
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Amazon Neptune Explained
Other AWS Facts and Summaries and Questions/Answers Dump
- AWS S3 facts and summaries and Q&A Dump
- AWS DynamoDB facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS EC2 facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS Serverless facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS Developer and Deployment Theory facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
- AWS IAM facts and summaries and Questions and Answers Dump
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AWS Certification Exam Prep: S3 Facts, Summaries, Questions and Answers


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AWS Certification Exam Prep: S3 Facts, Summaries, Questions and Answers
AWS S3 Facts and summaries, AWS S3 Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump
Definition 1: Amazon S3 or Amazon Simple Storage Service is a “simple storage service” offered by Amazon Web Services that provides object storage through a web service interface. Amazon S3 uses the same scalable storage infrastructure that Amazon.com uses to run its global e-commerce network.
Definition 2: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability, data availability, security, and performance.
AWS S3 Explained graphically:
AWS S3 Facts and summaries
- S3 is a universal namespace, meaning each S3 bucket you create must have a unique name that is not being used by anyone else in the world.
- S3 is object based: i.e allows you to upload files.
- Files can be from 0 Bytes to 5 TB
- What is the maximum length, in bytes, of a DynamoDB range primary key attribute value?
The maximum length of a DynamoDB range primary key attribute value is 2048 bytes (NOT 256 bytes). - S3 has unlimited storage.
- Files are stored in Buckets.
- Read after write consistency for PUTS of new Objects
- Eventual Consistency for overwrite PUTS and DELETES (can take some time to propagate)
- S3 Storage Classes/Tiers:
- S3 Standard (durable, immediately available, frequently accesses)
- Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering (S3 Intelligent-Tiering): It works by storing objects in two access tiers: one tier that is optimized for frequent access and another lower-cost tier that is optimized for infrequent access.
- S3 Standard-Infrequent Access – S3 Standard-IA (durable, immediately available, infrequently accessed)
- S3 – One Zone-Infrequent Access – S3 One Zone IA: Same ad IA. However, data is stored in a single Availability Zone only
- S3 – Reduced Redundancy Storage (data that is easily reproducible, such as thumbnails, etc.)
- Glacier – Archived data, where you can wait 3-5 hours before accessing
You can have a bucket that has different objects stored in S3 Standard, S3 Intelligent-Tiering, S3 Standard-IA, and S3 One Zone-IA.
- The default URL for S3 hosted websites lists the bucket name first followed by s3-website-region.amazonaws.com . Example: enoumen.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com
- Core fundamentals of an S3 object
- Key (name)
- Value (data)
- Version (ID)
- Metadata
- Sub-resources (used to manage bucket-specific configuration)
- Bucket Policies, ACLs,
- CORS
- Transfer Acceleration
- Object-based storage only for files
- Not suitable to install OS on.
- Successful uploads will generate a HTTP 200 status code.
- S3 Security – Summary
- By default, all newly created buckets are PRIVATE.
- You can set up access control to your buckets using:
- Bucket Policies – Applied at the bucket level
- Access Control Lists – Applied at an object level.
- S3 buckets can be configured to create access logs, which log all requests made to the S3 bucket. These logs can be written to another bucket.
- S3 Encryption
- Encryption In-Transit (SSL/TLS)
- Encryption At Rest:
- Server side Encryption (SSE-S3, SSE-KMS, SSE-C)
- Client Side Encryption
- Remember that we can use a Bucket policy to prevent unencrypted files from being uploaded by creating a policy which only allows requests which include the x-amz-server-side-encryption parameter in the request header.
- S3 CORS (Cross Origin Resource Sharing):
CORS defines a way for client web applications that are loaded in one domain to interact with resources in a different domain.- Used to enable cross origin access for your AWS resources, e.g. S3 hosted website accessing javascript or image files located in another bucket. By default, resources in one bucket cannot access resources located in another. To allow this we need to configure CORS on the bucket being accessed and enable access for the origin (bucket) attempting to access.
- Always use the S3 website URL, not the regular bucket URL. E.g.: https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/acloudguru
- S3 CloudFront:
- Edge locations are not just READ only – you can WRITE to them too (i.e put an object on to them.)
- Objects are cached for the life of the TTL (Time to Live)
- You can clear cached objects, but you will be charged. (Invalidation)
- S3 Performance optimization – 2 main approaches to Performance Optimization for S3:
- GET-Intensive Workloads – Use Cloudfront
- Mixed Workload – Avoid sequencial key names for your S3 objects. Instead, add a random prefix like a hex hash to the key name to prevent multiple objects from being stored on the same partition.
- mybucket/7eh4-2019-03-04-15-00-00/cust1234234/photo1.jpg
- mybucket/h35d-2019-03-04-15-00-00/cust1234234/photo2.jpg
- mybucket/o3n6-2019-03-04-15-00-00/cust1234234/photo3.jpg
- The best way to handle large objects uploads to the S3 service is to use the Multipart upload API. The Multipart upload API enables you to upload large objects in parts.
- You can enable versioning on a bucket, even if that bucket already has objects in it. The already existing objects, though, will show their versions as null. All new objects will have version IDs.
- Bucket names cannot start with a . or – characters. S3 bucket names can contain both the . and – characters. There can only be one . or one – between labels. E.G mybucket-com mybucket.com are valid names but mybucket–com and mybucket..com are not valid bucket names.
- What is the maximum number of S3 buckets allowed per AWS account (by default)? 100
- You successfully upload an item to the us-east-1 region. You then immediately make another API call and attempt to read the object. What will happen?
All AWS regions now have read-after-write consistency for PUT operations of new objects. Read-after-write consistency allows you to retrieve objects immediately after creation in Amazon S3. Other actions still follow the eventual consistency model (where you will sometimes get stale results if you have recently made changes) - S3 bucket policies require a Principal be defined. Review the access policy elements here
- What checksums does Amazon S3 employ to detect data corruption?
Amazon S3 uses a combination of Content-MD5 checksums and cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) to detect data corruption. Amazon S3 performs these checksums on data at rest and repairs any corruption using redundant data. In addition, the service calculates checksums on all network traffic to detect corruption of data packets when storing or retrieving data.
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AWS S3 Top 10 Questions and Answers Dump
Q0: You’ve written an application that uploads objects onto an S3 bucket. The size of the object varies between 200 – 500 MB. You’ve seen that the application sometimes takes a longer than expected time to upload the object. You want to improve the performance of the application. Which of the following would you consider?
- A. Create multiple threads and upload the objects in the multiple threads
- B. Write the items in batches for better performance
- C. Use the Multipart upload API
- D. Enable versioning on the Bucket
Top
Q2: You are using AWS SAM templates to deploy a serverless application. Which of the following resource will embed application from Amazon S3 buckets?
- A. AWS::Serverless::Api
- B. AWS::Serverless::Application
- C. AWS::Serverless::Layerversion
- D. AWS::Serverless::Function
Top
Q3: A static web site has been hosted on a bucket and is now being accessed by users. One of the web pages javascript section has been changed to access data which is hosted in another S3 bucket. Now that same web page is no longer loading in the browser. Which of the following can help alleviate the error?
- A. Enable versioning for the underlying S3 bucket.
- B. Enable Replication so that the objects get replicated to the other bucket
- C. Enable CORS for the bucket
- D. Change the Bucket policy for the bucket to allow access from the other bucket
Top
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Q4: Your mobile application includes a photo-sharing service that is expecting tens of thousands of users at launch. You will leverage Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) for storage of the user Images, and you must decide how to authenticate and authorize your users for access to these images. You also need to manage the storage of these images. Which two of the following approaches should you use? Choose two answers from the options below
- A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket per user, and use your application to generate the S3 URL for the appropriate content.
- B. Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user accounts as your application-level user database, and offload the burden of authentication from your application code.
- C. Authenticate your users at the application level, and use AWS Security Token Service (STS)to grant token-based authorization to S3 objects.
- D. Authenticate your users at the application level, and send an SMS token message to the user. Create an Amazon S3 bucket with the same name as the SMS message token, and move the user’s objects to that bucket.
Top
Q5: Both ACLs and Bucket Policies can be used to grant access to S3 buckets. Which of the following statements is true about ACLs and Bucket policies?
- A. Bucket Policies are Written in JSON and ACLs are written in XML
- B. ACLs can be attached to S3 objects or S3 Buckets
- C. Bucket Policies and ACLs are written in JSON
- D. Bucket policies are only attached to s3 buckets, ACLs are only attached to s3 objects
Q6: What are good options to improve S3 performance when you have significantly high numbers of GET requests?
- A. Introduce random prefixes to S3 objects
- B. Introduce random suffixes to S3 objects
- C. Setup CloudFront for S3 objects
- D. Migrate commonly used objects to Amazon Glacier
Q7: If an application is storing hourly log files from thousands of instances from a high traffic
web site, which naming scheme would give optimal performance on S3?
- A. Sequential
- B. HH-DD-MM-YYYY-log_instanceID
- C. YYYY-MM-DD-HH-log_instanceID
- D. instanceID_log-HH-DD-MM-YYYY
- E. instanceID_log-YYYY-MM-DD-HH
Top
Q8: You are working with the S3 API and receive an error message: 409 Conflict. What is the possible cause of this error
- A. You’re attempting to remove a bucket without emptying the contents of the bucket first.
- B. You’re attempting to upload an object to the bucket that is greater than 5TB in size.
- C. Your request does not contain the proper metadata.
- D. Amazon S3 is having internal issues.
Q9: You created three S3 buckets – “mywebsite.com”, “downloads.mywebsite.com”, and “www.mywebsite.com”. You uploaded your files and enabled static website hosting. You specified both of the default documents under the “enable static website hosting” header. You also set the “Make Public” permission for the objects in each of the three buckets. You create the Route 53 Aliases for the three buckets. You are going to have your end users test your websites by browsing to http://mydomain.com/error.html, http://downloads.mydomain.com/index.html, and http://www.mydomain.com. What problems will your testers encounter?
- A. http://mydomain.com/error.html will not work because you did not set a value for the error.html file
- B. There will be no problems, all three sites should work.
- C. http://www.mywebsite.com will not work because the URL does not include a file name at the end of it.
- D. http://downloads.mywebsite.com/index.html will not work because the “downloads” prefix is not a supported prefix for S3 websites using Route 53 aliases
Q10: Which of the following is NOT a common S3 API call?
- A. UploadPart
- B. ReadObject
- C. PutObject
- D. DownloadBucket
Other AWS Facts and Summaries
- AWS S3 facts and summaries
- AWS DynamoDB facts and summaries
- AWS EC2 facts and summaries
- AWS Lambda facts and summaries
- AWS SQS facts and summaries
- AWS RDS facts and summaries
- AWS ECS facts and summaries
- AWS CloudWatch facts and summaries
- AWS SES facts and summaries
- AWS EBS facts and summaries
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- Bjarne Stroustrup - The C++ Programming Language
- Brian W. Kernighan, Rob Pike - The Practice of Programming
- Donald Knuth - The Art of Computer Programming
- Ellen Ullman - Close to the Machine
- Ellis Horowitz - Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms
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- Introduction to Algorithms by Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest & Stein
- Design Patterns by the Gang of Four
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- The Mythical Man Month
- The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth
- Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools by Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi and Jeffrey D. Ullman
- Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter
- Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship by Robert C. Martin
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- Why's (Poignant) Guide to Ruby
- The Inmates Are Running The Asylum: Why High Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity
- The Art of Unix Programming
- Test-Driven Development: By Example by Kent Beck
- Practices of an Agile Developer
- Don't Make Me Think
- Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices by Robert C. Martin
- Domain Driven Designs by Eric Evans
- The Design of Everyday Things by Donald Norman
- Modern C++ Design by Andrei Alexandrescu
- Best Software Writing I by Joel Spolsky
- The Practice of Programming by Kernighan and Pike
- Pragmatic Thinking and Learning: Refactor Your Wetware by Andy Hunt
- Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art by Steve McConnel
- The Passionate Programmer (My Job Went To India) by Chad Fowler
- Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
- Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
- Writing Solid Code
- JavaScript - The Good Parts
- Getting Real by 37 Signals
- Foundations of Programming by Karl Seguin
- Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C (2nd Edition)
- Thinking in Java by Bruce Eckel
- The Elements of Computing Systems
- Refactoring to Patterns by Joshua Kerievsky
- Modern Operating Systems by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
- The Annotated Turing
- Things That Make Us Smart by Donald Norman
- The Timeless Way of Building by Christopher Alexander
- The Deadline: A Novel About Project Management by Tom DeMarco
- The C++ Programming Language (3rd edition) by Stroustrup
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- Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# by Robert C. Martin
- Growing Object-Oriented Software, Guided by Tests
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- CLR via C# by Jeffrey Richter
- The Timeless Way of Building by Christopher Alexander
- Design Patterns in C# by Steve Metsker
- Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carol
- Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by Robert M. Pirsig
- About Face - The Essentials of Interaction Design
- Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations by Clay Shirky
- The Tao of Programming
- Computational Beauty of Nature
- Writing Solid Code by Steve Maguire
- Philip and Alex's Guide to Web Publishing
- Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications by Grady Booch
- Effective Java by Joshua Bloch
- Computability by N. J. Cutland
- Masterminds of Programming
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- The Art of Deception by Kevin Mitnick
- The Career Programmer: Guerilla Tactics for an Imperfect World by Christopher Duncan
- Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case studies in Common Lisp
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- The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
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- Introduction to Functional Programming by Philip Wadler and Richard Bird
- No Bugs! by David Thielen
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Top 1000 Canada Quiz and trivia: CANADA CITIZENSHIP TEST- HISTORY - GEOGRAPHY - GOVERNMENT- CULTURE - PEOPLE - LANGUAGES - TRAVEL - WILDLIFE - HOCKEY - TOURISM - SCENERIES - ARTS - DATA VISUALIZATION

Top 1000 Africa Quiz and trivia: HISTORY - GEOGRAPHY - WILDLIFE - CULTURE - PEOPLE - LANGUAGES - TRAVEL - TOURISM - SCENERIES - ARTS - DATA VISUALIZATION

Exploring the Pros and Cons of Visiting All Provinces and Territories in Canada.

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Health Health, a science-based community to discuss human health
- Lawmakers push to classify 'Trump derangement syndrome' as a mental illness in Minnesotaby /u/Staragox on March 17, 2025 at 7:33 pm
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- The World’s Deadliest Infectious Disease Is About to Get Worseby /u/theatlantic on March 17, 2025 at 6:11 pm
submitted by /u/theatlantic [link] [comments]
- US reports first outbreak of deadly H7N9 bird flu since 2017by /u/Healthy_Block3036 on March 17, 2025 at 5:15 pm
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- Experts warn measles infections can linger for years as outbreak continues to spread across the nationby /u/theindependentonline on March 17, 2025 at 5:10 pm
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- Inside the financial scheme that's crippling America's hospitalsby /u/thisisinsider on March 17, 2025 at 4:56 pm
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Today I Learned (TIL) You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here.
- TIL Mikhail Kalashnikov, creator of the AK-47, regretted its deadly legacy and feared he was responsible for millions of deaths.by /u/ansyhrrian on March 17, 2025 at 8:26 pm
submitted by /u/ansyhrrian [link] [comments]
- TIL that Victor Gruen who designed the first mall in the US, in later years hated what he created and even disowned itby /u/dillimunda on March 17, 2025 at 7:40 pm
submitted by /u/dillimunda [link] [comments]
- TIL that Enzo Ferrari lived a reserved life. He rarely granted interviews or left his hometown, never went to any Grands Prix outside of Italy after the 1950s, never flew in an aeroplane and never set foot in an elevatorby /u/ModenaR on March 17, 2025 at 7:08 pm
submitted by /u/ModenaR [link] [comments]
- TIL that in Fallout 4, the noodle-serving robot Takahashi, who only speaks one line, is voiced by Shinji Mikami, the creator of Resident Evil.by /u/WouldbeWanderer on March 17, 2025 at 7:04 pm
submitted by /u/WouldbeWanderer [link] [comments]
- TIL that while the filming budget for the movie Easy Rider was only around 400,000 dollars, an additional million had to be spent for the licensed music tracks.by /u/Sue_Spiria on March 17, 2025 at 7:01 pm
submitted by /u/Sue_Spiria [link] [comments]
Reddit Science This community is a place to share and discuss new scientific research. Read about the latest advances in astronomy, biology, medicine, physics, social science, and more. Find and submit new publications and popular science coverage of current research.
- ‘Microlightning’ in water droplets may have sparked life on Earth: « The findings provide evidence that microlightning may have helped create the building blocks necessary for early life on the planet. »by /u/fchung on March 17, 2025 at 9:00 pm
submitted by /u/fchung [link] [comments]
- Study suggests that semaglutide, a weight loss drug commonly used to treat diabetes, may help protect the brain from the effects of Alzheimer’s disease. Semaglutide reduced inflammation in the brains of genetically modified mice that mimic Alzheimer’s disease and improved their memory performance.by /u/mvea on March 17, 2025 at 8:09 pm
submitted by /u/mvea [link] [comments]
- Researchers have demonstrated a new technique to enhance plant growth using bacteria. By encapsulating the bacteria, they can be stored and later applied to plants to promote growth and protect against pests and pathogensby /u/nohup_me on March 17, 2025 at 8:08 pm
submitted by /u/nohup_me [link] [comments]
- Early social rejection may foster dark personality traits through loneliness, study suggests | These traits, often referred to as the Dark Triad, are typically associated with manipulativeness, impulsivity, and an inflated sense of self-importance.by /u/chrisdh79 on March 17, 2025 at 8:02 pm
submitted by /u/chrisdh79 [link] [comments]
- US grass-fed beef is as carbon intensive as industrial beef and ≈10-fold more intensive than common protein-dense alternatives | PNASby /u/Plant__Eater on March 17, 2025 at 7:18 pm
submitted by /u/Plant__Eater [link] [comments]
Reddit Sports Sports News and Highlights from the NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB, MLS, and leagues around the world.
- Deion wants to save college spring game by including an opponent, adding NFL-like joint practicesby /u/Oldtimer_2 on March 17, 2025 at 9:07 pm
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- NHL general managers zero in on goaltender interference and other coach's challengesby /u/Oldtimer_2 on March 17, 2025 at 9:00 pm
submitted by /u/Oldtimer_2 [link] [comments]
- MLB star Shohei Ohtani on return to Japan, 2025 season and his impact on kids: "I feel a strong responsibility"by /u/CBSnews on March 17, 2025 at 7:26 pm
submitted by /u/CBSnews [link] [comments]
- Lucca Van der Woude, a member of the Newport Harbor High School varsity water polo team in Orange County, California, continues to participate in competitions and serve in mentorship roles, despite being recognized as a sex offender and being under a no-contact order.by /u/WaterPoloInsider on March 17, 2025 at 7:26 pm
Newport Harbor Water Polo player admitted to sexual battery over a span of 16 months. This same athlete admitted to using racial slurs and was disciplined at Harvard Westlake. Harvard Westlake failed to report the sexual abuse to parents or law enforcement, and the athlete was only arrested after a second victim came forward. Newport Harbor High School, together with Varsity Coach and Teacher Ross Sinclair and Principal Sean Boulton, permitted the athlete to transfer despite the serious allegations surrounding the situation. This decision raises further questions about the school's commitment to athlete safety and the protocols in place to address such allegations appropriately. CIF Commissioner Mike West, alongside Assistant Commissioner Kristine Palle, who is responsible for overseeing water polo, sanctioned the transfer despite the existing policy that prohibits transfers for individuals with pending or previous disciplinary actions. A no-contact order was issued between the athlete and two victims; despite this, USA Water Polo allowed the athlete to have contact with the victims on over 23 occasions. USA Water Polo's publicly stated that the athlete would "coach and mentor" younger players at an overseas event. Lucca Van der Woude was recruited by UCLA coaches Adam Wright, Jason Falitz, and Matt Kubrick, despite their awareness of the sex offender case. The athlete is currently on the USA Water Polo National League roster. This is a critical systemic issue that demands urgent attention. If governing institutions such as Harvard Westlake, Newport Harbor, and USA Water Polo fail to uphold the safeguards and policies intended to protect athletes, what purpose do these measures serve? It is crucial for USA Water Polo CEO Jamie Davis, along with all involved organizations, to take significant actions that prioritize the safety of our athletes. Why implement safety protocols at the high school level if they are inconsistently enforced or outright disregarded? Coach Ross Sinclair of Newport Harbor and Principal Sean Boulton have failed the Newport Harbor High School Water Polo Team, the Newport Water Polo Club, and the students and families connected with the high school, not to mention the broader community. Have the lessons from Coach Bahram Hojreh's and USA Water Polo sexual abuse case gone unheeded? A group of twelve female water polo players who accused their coach of sexual misconduct will share nearly $14 million following a lawsuit settlement against USA Water Polo and a California club. These athletes contended that the national governing body failed to shield them from abuse perpetrated by Coach Bahram Hojreh from 2012 to 2017. Hojreh has been permanently barred from participating in water polo by SafeSport and is one of ten individuals associated with USA Water Polo who have been banned from the sport since 2018 due to criminal issues. submitted by /u/WaterPoloInsider [link] [comments]
- Messi out of World Cup qualifiers against Uruguay and Brazil due to apparent injuryby /u/Oldtimer_2 on March 17, 2025 at 5:24 pm
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