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AWS Certification Exams Prep: Serverless Facts and Summaries and Question and Answers

AWS Serverless

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AWS Serverless – Facts and summaries, Top 20 AWS Serverless Questions and Answers Dump

Definition 1: Serverless computing is a cloud-computing execution model in which the cloud provider runs the server, and dynamically manages the allocation of machine resources. Pricing is based on the actual amount of resources consumed by an application, rather than on pre-purchased units of capacity. It can be a form of utility computing.
Definition 2: AWS Serverless is the native architecture of the cloud that enables you to shift more of your operational responsibilities to AWS, increasing your agility and innovation. Serverless allows you to build and run applications and services without thinking about servers. It eliminates infrastructure management tasks such as server or cluster provisioning, patching, operating system maintenance, and capacity provisioning.

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AWS Serverless Facts and summaries

AWS Serverless explained graphically
AWS Serverless explained graphically

AWS Serverless explained graphically
AWS Serverless explained graphically
AWS Serverless explained graphically
AWS Serverless explained graphically
AWS Serverless explained in pictures
AWS Serverless explained in pictures
  1. The AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) is a model to define serverless applications. AWS SAM is natively supported by AWS CloudFormation and provides a simplified way of defining the Amazon API Gateway APIs, AWS Lambda functions, and Amazon DynamoDB tables needed by your serverless application.
  2. You can use AWS CodePipeline with the AWS Serverless Application Model to automate building, testing, and deploying serverless applications. AWS CodeBuild integrates with CodePipeline to provide automated builds. You can use AWS CodeDeploy to gradually roll out and test new Lambda function versions.
  3. You can monitor and troubleshoot the performance of your serverless applications and AWS Lambda functions with AWS services and third-party tools. Amazon CloudWatch helps you see real-time reporting metrics and logs for your serverless applications. You can use AWS X-Ray to debug and trace your serverless applications and AWS Lambda.
  4. The AWS Serverless Application Repository is a managed repository for serverless applications. It enables teams, organizations, and individual developers to store and share reusable applications, and easily assemble and deploy serverless architectures in powerful new ways. Using the Serverless Application Repository, you don’t need to clone, build, package, or publish source code to AWS before deploying it. Instead, you can use pre-built applications from the Serverless Application Repository in your serverless architectures, helping you and your teams reduce duplicated work, ensure organizational best practices, and get to market faster.
  5. Anyone with an AWS account can publish a serverless application to the Serverless Application Repository. Applications can be privately shared with specific AWS accounts. Applications that are shared publicly include a link to the application’s source code so others can view what the application does and how it works.
  6. What kinds of applications are available in the AWS Serverless Application Repository? The AWS Serverless Application Repository includes applications for Alexa Skills, chatbots, data processing, IoT, real time stream processing, web and mobile back-ends, social media trend analysis, image resizing, and more from publishers on AWS.
  7. The AWS Serverless Application Repository enables developers to publish serverless applications developed in a GitHub repository. Using AWS CodePipeline to link a GitHub source with the AWS Serverless Application Repository can make the publishing process even easier, and the process can be set up in minutes.
  8. What two arguments does a Python Lambda handler function require?
    Event, Context
  9. A Lambda deployment package contains Function code and libraries not included within the runtime environment
  10. When referencing the remaining time left for a Lambda function to run within the function’s code you would use The context object.
  11. Long-running memory-intensive workloads is LEAST suited to AWS Lambda
  12. The maximum execution duration of your Lambda functions is Fifteen Minutes
  13. Logs for Lambda functions are Stored in AWS CloudWatch
  14. Docker Container Images are constructed using instructions in a file called Dockerfile
  15. The ECS Task Agent Is responsible for starting and stopping tasks. It runs inside the EC2 instance and reports on information like running tasks and resource utilization
  16. AWS ECR Stores Container Images.
  17. Elastic Beanstalk is used to Deploy and scale web applications and services developed with a supported platform
  18. When deploying a simple Python web application with Elastic Beanstalk which of the following AWS resources will be created and managed for you by Elastic Beanstalk?
    An Elastic Load Balancer, an S3 Bucket, an Ec2 instance.
  19. When using Elastic Beanstalk you can deploy your web applications by:

    • Configuring a git repository with Elastic Beanstalk so that changes will be detected and your application will be updated.
    • Uploading code files to the Elastic Beanstalk service

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Reference: AWS Serverless


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AWS LAMBDA EXPLAINED GRAPHICALLY:

AWS LAMBDA EXPLAINED GRAPHICALLY
AWS LAMBDA EXPLAINED GRAPHICALLY

aws LAMBDA explained graphically
aws LAMBDA explained graphically

aws LAMBDA explained graphically
aws LAMBDA explained graphically

AWS Serverless: Top 20 Questions and Answers Dump

Q00: You have created a serverless application which converts text in to speech using a combination of S3, API Gateway, Lambda, Polly, DynamoDB and SNS. Your users complain that only some text is being converted, whereas longer amounts of text does not get converted. What could be the cause of this problem?

  • A. Polly has built in censorship, so if you try and send it text that is deemed offensive, it will not generate an MP3.
  • B. You’ve placed your DynamoDB table in a single availability zone, which is currently down, causing an outage.
  • C. Your lambda function needs a longer execution time. You should check how long is needed in the fringe cases and increase the timeout inside the function to slightly longer than that.
  • D. AWS X-ray service is interfering with the application and should be disabled.
Answer: C

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Reference: AWS Lambda limits

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Q1: How does API Gateway deal with legacy SOAP applications?

  • A. Converts the response from the application to REST
  • B. Converts the response from the application to HTML
  • C. Provides webservice passthrough for SOAP applications
  • D. Converts the response from the application to XML
Answer: C
SOAP Applications send their responses in XML format. API Gateway supports SOAP applications, but only provides passthrough. API Gateway does not transform or convert the responses.
Reference: How to configure Amazon API Gateway as a SOAP webservice passthrough in minutes

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Q3: You have launched a new web application on AWS using API Gateway, Lambda and S3. Someone post a thread to reddit about your application and it starts to go viral.
Your start receiving 100000 requests every second and you notice that most requests are similar.
Your web application begins to struggle. What can you do to optimize performance of your application?

  • A. Enable API Gateway Accelerator
  • B. Enable API Gateway caching to cache frequent requests.
  • C. Change your route53 allias record to point to AWS Neptune and then configure Neptune to filter your API requests to genuine requests only.
  • D. Migrate your API Gateway to an Network Load Balancer and enable session stickiness for all sessions.


Answer: B.

Reference: Amazon API Gateway FAQs

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Q4: Which of the following services does X-ray integrate with? (Choose 3)

  • A. Elastic Load Balancer
  • B. Lambda
  • C. S3
  • D. API Gateway

Answer: A. B. and D.
AWS X-Ray helps developers analyze and debug production, distributed applications, such as those built using a microservices architecture. With X-Ray, you can understand how your application and its underlying services are performing to identify and troubleshoot the root cause of performance issues and errors.
You can use X-Ray with applications running on EC2, ECS, Lambda, and Elastic Beanstalk. In addition, the X-Ray SDK automatically captures metadata for API calls made to AWS services using the AWS SDK. In addition, the X-Ray SDK provides add-ons for MySQL and PostgreSQL drivers.

Reference: AWS X-Ray

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Q5: You are a developer for a busy real estate company and you want to enable other real estate agents to the
ability to show properties on your books, but skinned so that it looks like their own website. You decide the most efficient way to do this is to
expose your API to the public. The project works well, however one of your competitors starts abusing this, sending your API tens of thousands
of requests per second. This generates a HTTP 429 error. Each agent connects to your API using individual API Keys. What actions can you take to stop this behavior?

  • A. Use AWS Shield Advanced API protection to block the requests.
  • B. Deploy multiple API Gateways and give the agent access to another API Gateway.
  • C. Place an AWS Web Application Firewall in front of API gateway and filter requests.
  • D. Throttle the agents API access using the individual API Keys

Answer: D.
Throttling ensures that API traffic is controlled to help your backend services maintain performance and availability.
How can I protect my backend systems and applications from traffic spikes?
Amazon API Gateway provides throttling at multiple levels including global and by service call. Throttling limits can be set for standard rates and bursts. For example, API owners can set a rate limit of 1,000 requests per second for a specific method in their REST APIs, and also configure Amazon API Gateway to handle a burst of 2,000 requests per second for a few seconds. Amazon API Gateway tracks the number of requests per second. Any requests over the limit will receive a 429 HTTP response. The client SDKs generated by Amazon API Gateway retry calls automatically when met with this response.

Reference: Amazon API Gateway FAQs

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Q6: You are developing a new application using serverless infrastructure and are using services such as S3, DynamoDB, Lambda, API Gateway, CloudFront, CloudFormation and Polly.
You deploy your application to production and your end users begin complaining about receiving a HTTP 429 error. What could be the cause of the error?

  • A. You enabled API throttling for a rate limit of 1000 requests per second while in development and now that you have deployed to production your API Gateway is being throttled.
  • B. Your cloudFormation stack is not valid and is failling to deploy properly which is causing a HTTP 429 error.
  • C. Your lambda function does not have sufficient permissions to read to DynamoDB and this is generating a HTTP 429 error.
  • D. You have an S3 bucket policy which is preventing lambda from being able to write tyo your bucket, generating a HTTP 429 error.

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Answer: A.
Amazon API Gateway provides throttling at multiple levels including global and by service call. Throttling limits can be set for standard rates and bursts. For example, API owners can set a rate limit of 1,000 requests per second for a specific method in their REST APIs, and also configure Amazon API Gateway to handle a burst of 2,000 requests per second for a few seconds. Amazon API Gateway tracks the number of requests per second. Any requests over the limit will receive a 429 HTTP response. The client SDKs generated by Amazon API Gateway retry calls automatically when met with this response.

Reference: Amazon API Gateway FAQs

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Q7: What is the format of structured notification messages sent by Amazon SNS?

  • A. An XML object containing MessageId, UnsubscribeURL, Subject, Message and other
    values
  • B. An JSON object containing MessageId, DuplicateFlag, Message and other values
  • C. An XML object containing MessageId, DuplicateFlag, Message and other values
  • D. An JSON object containing MessageId, unsubscribeURL, Subject, Message and other
    values


Answer: D.

The notification message sent by Amazon SNS for deliveries over HTTP, HTTPS, Email-JSON and SQS transport protocols will consist of a simple JSON object, which will include the following information: MessageId: A Universally Unique Identifier, unique for each notification published.Reference: Format of structured notification messages sent by Amazon SNS


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